* 1642 – Irish Confederate Wars: A Confederate Irish militia is routed in the Battle of Kilrush when it attempts to halt the progress of the British Army.

* 1642 – Charles I calls the English Parliament traitors.

* 1612 – Saskia van Uylenburgh, Dutch model, wife of Rembrandt ( d. 1642 )

Mainly Galileo Galilei ( 1564 – 1642 ) but also Marin Mersenne ( 1588 – 1648 ), independently, discovered the complete laws of vibrating strings ( completing what Pythagoras and Pythagoreans had started 2000 years earlier ).

Meanwhile Newton ( 1642 – 1727 ) derived the relationship for wave velocity in solids, a cornerstone of physical acoustics ( Principia, 1687 ).

* 1586 – William Hutchinson, English-American judge ( d. 1642 )

* 1642 – Cosimo III de ' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany ( d. 1723 )

The English Civil War ( 1642 – 1651 ) provoked a number of examples of this genre, including works by Sir Edmund Ludlow and Sir John Reresby.

A phenomenal number of paintings are ascribed to him, some of which are likely to be by other masters of the golden landscape, such as Abraham Calraet ( 1642 – 1722 ), whose initials A. C. may be mistaken for Cuyp's.

Charles was defeated in the First Civil War ( 1642 – 45 ), after which Parliament expected him to accept its demands for a constitutional monarchy.

* 1715 – George Hickes, English minister and scholar ( b. 1642 )

* 1642 – Abel Tasman becomes first European to land in New Zealand.

* 1642 – Johann Christoph Bach, German composer ( d. 1703 )

* 1642 – Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu, French statesman ( b. 1585 )

Isaac Newton's ( 1642 – 1727 ) mathematical explanation of universal gravitation explained the behavior both of objects here on earth and of objects in the heavens in a way that promoted a worldview in which the natural universe is controlled by laws of nature.

* 1642 – Vincenzo da Filicaja, Italian poet ( d. 1707 )

* 1642 – Abel Janszoon Tasman reaches New Zealand.

The English Civil War ( 1642 – 1651 ) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians ( Roundheads ) and Royalists ( Cavaliers ).

The first ( 1642 – 46 ) and second ( 1648 – 49 ) civil wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third war ( 1649 – 51 ) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament.

During the Thirty Years ' War, Swedish Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna brought the Moravian Brethren refugee John Amos Comenius to Elbląg for six years ( 1642 – 48 ).

The Church considers the first seven Ecumenical Councils ( held between the 4th and the 8th century ) to be the most important ; however, there have been more, specifically the Synods of Constantinople, 879 – 880, 1341, 1347, 1351, 1583, 1819, and 1872, the Synod of Iaşi ( Jassy ), 1642, and the Pan-Orthodox Synod of Jerusalem, 1672, all of which helped to define the Orthodox position.

* 1564 – Galileo Galilei, Italian astronomer and physicist ( d. 1642 )

The First English Civil War broke out in 1642, largely as a result of an ongoing series of conflicts between James ' son, Charles I, and Parliament.

( 2001 ) Edgehill 1642: First Battle of the English Civil War.

For events between 1642 and 1648, See First English Civil War

* 1642 – Battle of Edgehill: First major battle of the First English Civil War.

In alliance with the growing commercial world, the parliamentary opposition to the royal prerogative, and in the late 1630s with the Scottish Presbyterians with whom they had much in common, the Puritans became a major political force in England and came to power as a result of the First English Civil War ( 1642 – 46 ).

* 1642 – First commencement exercises occur at Harvard College.

First European impression of Māori, at Golden Bay | Murderers ' Bay, 1642.

The Battle of Marston Moor was fought on 2 July 1644, during the First English Civil War of 1642 – 1646.

First named Charles River Shire by the English, York County was renamed in 1642 during the English Civil War.

Under Robert Greville, 2nd Baron Brooke, Warwick Castle's defences were enhanced from January to May 1642 in preparation for attack during the First English Civil War.

The outbreak of the First English Civil War in 1642 during the reign of Charles I disrupted the systems of legal education and governance at the Inns of Court, shutting down all calls to the Bar and new admissions, and Gray's Inn never fully recovered.

The outbreak of the First English Civil War led to a complete suspension of legal education, and from November 1642 until July 1644 no Pension meetings were held.

In the Thirty Years ' War ( 1618 – 1648 ) he commanded troops at the Battle of Breitenfeld ( First Battle of Leipzig ), in 1642.

First Church in Albany ( Reformed ) | The First Reformed Church in Albany started in 1642 to serve the patroonship of Rensselaerswyck.

At the outbreak of the First English Civil War in 1642, Blood returned to England and initially took up arms with the Royalist forces loyal to Charles I.

He fought with valour at the Battle of Edgehill 23 October 1642, and at the First Battle of Newbury, 20 September 1643.

For his financial support of King Charles I at the outset of the First English Civil War, he was created 1st Marquess of Worcester, on 2 November 1642.

The Second Battle of Breitenfeld, also known as the First Battle of Leipzig ( 23 October 1642 ), took place at Breitenfeld ( some north-east of Leipzig ), Germany, during the Thirty Years ' War — fully eleven years after the first battle at the crossroads village had unbottled the Swedish forces under Gustavus II Adolphus wherein he had handed Field Marshal Count Tilly his first major defeat in fifty years of soldiering on the same plain.

During the First English Civil War Lyttelton was Colonel of the Worcestershire Horse and Foot for the King, 1642.

The Wars included the Bishops ' Wars of 1639 and 1640, the Scottish Civil War of 1644 – 45 ; the Irish Rebellion of 1641, Confederate Ireland, 1642 – 49 and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland in 1649 ( collectively the Eleven years war or Irish Confederate Wars ); and the First, Second and Third English Civil Wars of 1642 – 46, 1648 – 49 and 1650 – 51.