* 1655 – Alfonso de la Cueva, 1st Marquis of Bedmar, Spanish cardinal and diplomat ( b. 1572 )

* Bernard de Montfaucon ( 1655 – 1741 )

These reformed French Breviaries — e. g. the Paris Breviary of 1680 by Archbishop François de Harlay ( 1625 – 1695 ) and that of 1736 by Archbishop Charles Gaspard Guillaume de Vintimille ( 1655 – 1746 )— show a deep knowledge of Holy Scripture, and much careful adaptation of different texts.

* 1655 – Second Northern War / the Deluge: Monks at the Jasna Góra Monastery in Częstochowa are successful in fending off a month-long siege.

* 1658 – Treaty of Roskilde: After a devastating defeat in the Northern Wars ( 1655 – 1661 ), the King of Denmark-Norway is forced to give up nearly half his territory to Sweden to save the rest.

* Daniel Heinsius, scholar of the Dutch Renaissance ( 1580 – 1655 )

Despite the arguably greater architectural inventiveness of Borromini and Cortona, Bernini's artistic pre-eminence, particularly during the reigns of popes Urban VIII ( 1623 – 1644 ) and Alexander VII ( 1655 – 1665 ), meant he was able to secure the most important commission in the Rome of his day, St. Peter's Basilica.

* 1591 – Joseph Solomon Delmedigo, Crete-Italian physician, mathematician, and theorist ( d. 1655 )

* 1592 – Pierre Gassendi, French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist ( d. 1655 )

* 1655 – Empress Eleonore-Magdalena of Neuburg of the Holy Roman Empire ( d. 1720 )

# Christian ( 1581 – 1655 )

* Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg ( 11 November 1599 – 28 March 1655 ).

Limburg – extract from the Topographia Hassiae by Matthäus Merian 1655

The last stage of French lute music is exemplified by Robert de Visée ( c. 1655 – 1732 / 3 ), whose suites exploit the instrument's possibilities to the fullest.

* 1574 – Pope Innocent X ( d. 1655 )

* 1655 – England, with troops under the command of Admiral William Penn and General Robert Venables, annexes Jamaica from Spain.

* 1655 – Pope Innocent XIII ( d. 1724 )

* 1655 – Saturn's largest moon, Titan, is discovered by Christiaan Huygens.

* 1619 – Cyrano de Bergerac, French soldier, poet ( d. 1655 )

* 1655 – John Casor becomes the first legally-recognized slave in England's North American colonies.

Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg ( 11 November 1599 – 28 March 1655 ) was a German princess and queen consort of Sweden.

* 1655 – Charles XI of Sweden ( d. 1697 )

Pope Innocent X ( 6 May 1574 – 7 January 1655 ), born Giovanni Battista Pamphilj ( or Pamphili ), was Pope from 1644 to 1655.

** Giovanni Francesco Abela, Maltese writer ( d. 1655 )

** Giovanni Battista Michelini, Italian painter ( d. 1655 )

** Giovanni Francesco Abela, Maltese writer ( died 1655 )

** Giovanni Stefano Menochio, Jesuit scholar ( died 1655 )

Fanshawe translated Giovanni Battista Guarini's Il pastor fido, Selected Parts of Horace, and The Lusiad of Camoens, the first English translation of the latter work ( circulated from 1655 or earlier ).

Giovanni Battista Michelini ( also called il Folignate ) ( 1604 – 1655 ) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active mainly in Foligno and Rome.

): The instrumental music of Giovanni Legrenzi: sonate a due e tre, opus 2, 1655.

Leibniz, Domenico Guglielmini ( 1655 — 1710 ), Hartsoeker, and E. W. Tschirnhaus were appointed on 4 February, James Bernoulli and John Bernoulli on 14 February, and Newton and Ole Rømer on 21 February.

His contemporary Domenico Guglielmini ( 1655 – 1710 ), who was inspector of the rivers and canals at Bologna, had ascribed this diminution of velocity in rivers to transverse motions arising front inequalities in their bottom.

He held many college offices, becoming successively lecturer in Greek ( 1651 ), mathematics ( 1653 ), and humanity ( 1655 ), praelector ( 1657 ), junior dean ( 1657 ), and college steward ( 1659 and 1660 ); and according to the habit of the time, he was accustomed to preach in his college chapel and also at Great St Mary's, long before he took holy orders on 23 December 1660.

There was a period of virtually continual war and preparation for war, including the Kalmar War ( 1611 – 1613 ), the Thirty Years ' War ( 1618 – 1648 ), the Second Northern War ( 1655 – 1658 ), the Gyldenløve War ( 1675 – 1679 ) and culminating in the Great Northern War ( 1700 – 1721 ).

In 1655, the town was captured and destroyed by the Swedes ( see deluge ), in 1657-by the Transilvanians of George II Rakoczi, and in the first years of the 18th century-again by Swedish troops of King Charles XII of Sweden ( see Great Northern War ).

Galicia was many times subjected to incursions by Tartars and Ottoman Turkey in the 16th and 17th centuries, however they were driven out, devastated during the Khmelnytsky Uprising ( 1648 – 1654 ), the Russo-Polish War ( 1654 – 1667 ), and inconvenienced by Swedish invasions during The Deluge ( 1655 – 1660 ), and the Swedes returned during the Great Northern War of the early 18th century.

* Commissioners of the Great Seal of Ireland ( 14 June 1655 – 1656 )

* Great Seal of the Commonwealth ( 1655 )

In 1655, Cromwell appointed three Commissioners of the Great Seal of Ireland, Richard Pepys, Chief Justice of the Upper Bench, Sir Gerard Lowther, Chief Justice of the Common Bench ; and Miles Corbet, Chief Baron of the Exchequer.

Field Crown Hetman since 1652, Great Crown Hetman since 1654, voivod of Kiev Voivodship since 1655, voivode of Kraków Voivodship since 1658.

It was destroyed by the Swedish forces in 1655 ( Deluge ) and again by the Swedes during the Great Northern War in 1706.

The Hawkstone house was established by Richard Hill of Hawkstone ( 1655 – 1727 ), also known as ' The Great Hill ', circa 1707, whilst the follies, estate and reputation were mainly established by his nephew and heir Sir Rowland Hill, 1st Baronet Hill of Hawkstone ( 1705 – 1783 ) and Sir Richard Hill, 2nd Baronet ( 1733 – 1808 ) in the 18th century.

* the Great Seal of Ireland introduced by Oliver Cromwell in 1655, see Great Seal of the Realm

It was built by Thomas Foley in 1655 on the site of a former manor house near Great Witley.

Franz Lefort ( Франц Яковлевич Лефорт in Russian ) ( December 23, 1655 ( January 2, 1656 ), Geneva – March 2 ( 12 ), 1699, Moscow ) was a Russian military figure of Swiss origin, general admiral ( 1695 ), and close associate of Peter the Great.

He discovered a large, circular lake in the center of the Great Dismal Swamp in 1655, now named Lake Drummond.

Drummond discovered a large, circular lake in the center of the Great Dismal Swamp in 1655.