Abel Janszoon Tasman (; 1603 – 1659 )

This became the dominant form in the Restoration, when composers such as Henry Purcell ( 1659 – 1695 ) and John Blow ( 1649 – 1708 ) wrote elaborate examples for the Chapel Royal with orchestral accompaniment.

# Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia ( 31 December 1586 – 22 February 1659 ).

Charles Ancillon ( 28 July 1659 – 5 July 1715 ) was a French jurist and diplomat.

Between 1653 – 1659 it was known as the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland.

1659 – 1661 to 24 April 1731 ),

Born in Boston, Colony of Massachusetts, to David Yale ( 1613 – 1690 ) and Ursula Knight ( 1624 – 1698 ), Yale was the grandson of Ann Lloyd ( 1591 – 1659 ), who after the death of her first husband, Thomas Yale ( 1590 – 1619 ) in Chester, Cheshire, England, married Governor Theophilus Eaton ( 1590 – 1658 ) of New Haven Colony.

English Captain John Strong, commander of the Welfare, sailed between the two principal islands in 1690 and called the passage " Falkland Channel " ( now Falkland Sound ), after Anthony Cary, 5th Viscount Falkland ( 1659 – 1694 ), who as Commissioner of the Admiralty had financed the expedition and later became First Lord of the Admiralty.

The Commonwealth was briefly revived ( 1659 – 60 ), before the restoration of the monarchy in the person of Charles II in May 1660.

* 1659 – The assault on Copenhagen by Swedish forces is beaten back with heavy losses.

* Ronan, Gerard The Irish Zorro: the Extraordinary Adventures of William Lamport ( 1615 – 1659 )

* 1729 – Jakob Roggeveen, Dutch explorer ( b. 1659 )

* 1738 – Isaac de Beausobre, French pastor ( b. 1659 )

* 1659 – At the Battle of Konotop the Ukrainian armies of Ivan Vyhovsky defeat the Russians led by Prince Trubetskoy.

* 1659 – David Gregory, Scottish astronomer ( d. 1708 )

* 1659 – Antonio Veracini, Italian composer and violinist ( d. 1745 )

* 1659 – Charles Ancillon, French pastor ( d. 1715 )

* 1659 – Hyacinthe Rigaud, French painter ( d. 1743 )

* Anne Sophia of Brandenburg ( 15 March 1598 – 19 December 1659 ).

* 1701 – Charles Gerard, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield, French-born English politician ( b. c. 1659 )

* 1580 – Charles Annibal Fabrot, French lawyer ( d. 1659 )

* September 15 – Charles Annibal Fabrot, French lawyer ( d. 1659 )

* July 5 – Charles Ancillon, French Huguenot pastor ( b. 1659 )

* November 5 – Charles Gerard, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield, French-born English politician ( b. c. 1659 )

These reforms were all reversed, however, after Cromwell's death and the last parliament to be elected in the Commonwealth period in 1659 reverted to the electoral system as it had existed under Charles I.

The younger Cromwell, who succeeded on his father's death in September 1658, held the position for only eight months before resigning in May 1659, being followed by the second period of Commonwealth rule until the Restoration of the exiled heir to the Stuart throne Charles II in May 1660.

** Infante Ferdinand Thomas Charles ( 23 December 1658 22 October 1659 )

Charles Annibal Fabrot ( September 15, 1580 – January 16, 1659 ) was a French jurisconsult.

In July 1659 direct and tempting proposals were again made to him by the future Charles II.

Following the restoration of the Portuguese Royal House, and her father's accession to the throne on 1 December 1640, she was proposed as a bride for John of Austria, François de Vendôme, duc de Beaufort, Louis XIV and Charles II, She was seen as a useful conduit for contracting an alliance between Portugal and England, after the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659 in which Portugal was arguably abandoned by France.

Frederick III, duke from 1616 to 1659, established the principle of primogeniture for his line, and the full sovereignty of his Schleswig dominions was secured to him by his son-in-law Charles X of Sweden by the convention of Copenhagen ( May 12, 1658 ) and to his son Christian Albert ( d. 1694 ) by the Treaty of Oliva, though it was not till after years of warfare that Denmark admitted the claim by the convention of Altona ( June 30, 1689 ).

In May 1659 he brought a command from Charles in Brussels, directing Brian Duppa, the Bishop of Salisbury, to summon all bishops to consecrate clergymen to various sees " to secure a continuation of the order in the Church of England ," then in danger of becoming extinct.

His army partly trapped at Landskrona and partly isolated on the Danish islands by superior Danish and Dutch forces under Vice-Admiral Michiel de Ruyter, Charles was forced to withdraw in 1659.

Charles and his heirs reserved their claims, however, and this reservation was repeated as late as the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659, when Philip IV of Spain continued to reserve his rights to the Duchy.

( Ironically, Thurloe's own department was also infiltrated: in 1659 Morland became a Royalist agent and alleged that Thurloe, Richard Cromwell and Sir Richard Willis-a Sealed Knot member turned Cromwell agent-were plotting to kill the future King Charles II.

After the peace of the Pyrenees ( 1659 ), the independence of Portugal was threatened by Spain, and Schomberg was sent as military adviser to Lisbon with the secret approval of Charles II of England.

Charles took him with him to Spain in 1659 on account of his " jollity " and Spanish experience.

* Charles Gerard, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield ( 1659 – 1701 )

* Charles Gerard, 6th Baron Gerard ( 1659 – 1707 )

After a period of retirement he declared for Charles II of England during a rising in August 1659, and was arrested, but was soon released.

The French traveller Laurent d ' Arvieux described the city in 1659 as " now desolate, and consists only of about fifty poor houses, in bad condition ...

* 1659 – Isaac de Beausobre, French Protestant pastor ( d. 1738 )

* 1597 – Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière, French layman, founder of the Société Notre-Dame de Montréal ( d. 1659 )

The Dutch settlers occupied the island for nearly half a century, but were dislodged several times: in 1629 by the Portuguese, in 1645 and 1659 by the French and in 1663 by the British troops.

* December 27 – Hyacinthe Rigaud, French painter ( b. 1659 )

* November 1 – Abel Servien, French diplomat ( d. 1659 )

* June 5 – Isaac de Beausobre, French Protestant pastor ( b. 1659 )

* November 10 – Alphonse de Tonty, French explorer and American settler ( b. 1659 )

The annexation was acknowledged during the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659, and it became a French province.

* June 14 – Anglo-Spanish War ( 1654 – 1660 ) and Franco-Spanish War ( 1635 – 1659 ): Battle of the Dunes: A Spanish force attempting to lift a siege of Dunkirk is defeated by the French and English.

Portugal had been helped by France, but in the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659 Portugal was abandoned by its French ally.

French control over the area was gradually established-Artois was annexed in 1659, and most of the current Nord department had been acquired by the Treaty of Nijmegen in 1678.

In 1659, Saint-Louis secured the whole of Senegal as French territory until the end of the 19th century.

" Province of Roussillon and adjacent lands of Cerdagne " was indeed the name that was officially used after the area became French in 1659, based on the historical division of the five pays between the county of Roussillon ( Roussillon and Vallespir ) and the county of Cerdagne ( Cerdagne, Capcir, and Conflent ).

Cerdanya proper was split between Spain and France by the Treaty of the Pyrenees of 1659, with the north of Cerdanya becoming French, while the south of Cerdanya remained Spanish.

In 1659, the Treaty of the Pyrenees ceded the comarques of Roussillon, Conflent, Capcir, Vallespir, and northern Cerdanya (" Cerdagne ") to the French crown.

The French explorers Radisson and des Groseilliers had come to England after conducting a joint exploration of the Hudson Bay region in 1659 ; there their account attracted the attention of the King and Rupert.