During the period of the Iberian Union ( 1580 – 1640 ), Portugal lost influence and power and made new enemies.

* 1580 – One of the largest earthquakes recorded in the history of England, Flanders, or Northern France, takes place.

* 1580 – Alonso Mudarra, Spanish composer

* 1580 – Battle of Alcântara.

* 1580 – Thomas Middleton, English dramatist ( d. 1627 )

# Albert Frederick of Prussia ( 1 June – 8 October 1580 ).

File: Indischer Maler um 1615 ( I ) 001. jpg | Portrait of Ibrâhîm ' Âdil Shâh II ( 1580 – 1626 ), Mughal Empire of India, 1615 AD

*** House of Aviz ( 1385 – 1580 ) – illegitimate male-line descent from the Capetian Dynasty

* 1580 – Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer ( d. 1637 )

* 1580 – Giovanni Morone, Italian cardinal ( b. 1509 )

In February 1577, it was rumoured that Oxford's sister Mary would marry Lord Gerald Fitzgerald ( 1559 – 1580 ), but by 2 July, she was linked with Peregrine Bertie, later Lord Willoughby d ' Eresby.

* Daniel Heinsius, scholar of the Dutch Renaissance ( 1580 – 1655 )

* Snellius ( Willebrord Snel van Royen ) 1580 – 1626, Leiden ( Netherlands )

A map of the Spanish and Portuguese Empires in the period of Iberian Union under the personal union of the Spanish monarchs ( 1580 – 1640 ).

* Kings of Portugal ( 1580 – 1640 ),

After returning, Alafin Orompoto ( c. 1560 – 1580 ) built up an army based on heavily armed cavalry and long-service troops.

* John Young ( Regius Professor ) ( 1514 – 1580 ), English Catholic clergyman and academic

* 1580 – King Henry of Portugal ( b. 1512 )

* 1509 – Giovanni Morone, Italian cardinal ( d. 1580 )

* 1580 – Johann Stobäus, German composer ( d. 1646 )

* 1528 – Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy ( d. 1580 )

* 1580 – Philip II of Spain declares William the Silent to be an outlaw.

* 1580 – The Ostrog Bible, one of the early printed Bibles in a Slavic language, is published.

* 1580 – ( baptised ) John Smith of Jamestown ( d. 1631 )

But just as quickly, late in 1580 he denounced a group of Catholics, among them Charles Arundel, Francis Southwell and Henry Howard, for treasonous activities and asking the Queen's mercy for his own, now repudiated, Catholicism.

* 1659 – Charles Annibal Fabrot, French lawyer ( b. 1580 )

* Charles I of Gonzaga-Nevers ( 1580 – 1637 ), Duke of Nevers and Mantua ( claim for the later supported by France )

* January 16 – Charles Annibal Fabrot, French lawyer ( b. 1580 )

Charles Emmanuel I (; 12 January 1562 – 26 July 1630 ), known as the Great, was the Duke of Savoy from 1580 to 1630.

* Charles Emmanuel I: 1580 – 1630

Charles Annibal Fabrot ( September 15, 1580 – January 16, 1659 ) was a French jurisconsult.

* Charles de Créquy, Prince of Poix, Duke of Lesdiguières ( 1580 – 1638 ), Marshal of France in 1621.

Among the more delicate negotiations of his later years were those of 1580, which had for their object the ultimate union of the crowns of Spain and Portugal, and those of 1584, which resulted in a check to France by the marriage of the Spanish infanta Catherine to Charles Emmanuel I of Savoy.

The Book of Concord was published in German on June 25, 1580 in Dresden, the fiftieth anniversary of the presentation of the Augsburg Confession to Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Augsburg.

When Charles Emmanuel came to the throne of the House of Savoy in 1580, he longed to make Geneva his capital north of the Alps and crush Protestantism.

* Sir Charles Appleton ( 1515 – 1580 ) purchased Longleat which was previously an Augustinian priory.

The Habsburg rulers ( chiefly Charles I and Philip II ), reached the zenith of their influence and power, controlling territory including the Americas ; the East Indies in Asia ; the Low Countries, territories now in France and Germany in Europe ; from 1580 to 1640 the Portuguese Empire ; and various other territories such as small enclaves like Ceuta and Oran in North Africa.

Charles de l ' Aubespine, marquis de Châteauneuf ( 22 February 1580 – 26 September 1653 ) was a French diplomat and government official.

Warned of the impending St. Bartholomew's Day massacre he retired hastily to Dauphiné, where he secretly equipped and drilled a determined body of Huguenots, and in 1575, after the execution of Charles du Puy de Montbrun in Grenoble, became the acknowledged leader of the Huguenot resistance in the district with the title of commandant general, confirmed in 1577 by Marshal Doraville, by Henry II, Prince of Condé in 1580, and by Henry of Navarre in 1582.

The Lipica stud farm was established in 1580 by Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria ( son of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor ).

* Charles ( b. December 1580 ), d. young

Charles François d ' Abra de Raconis ( 1580 – 1646 ) was a French bishop and theologian.

* Charles ( b. Graz, 17 July 1579 – d. Graz, 17 May 1580 ).