* 1665 – John Hervey, 1st Earl of Bristol, English politician ( d. 1751 )

* 1665 – Giacomo F. Maraldi, French-Italian astronomer ( d. 1729 )

* 1665 – Jacques Lelong, French bibliographer ( d. 1721 )

* Principality of Anhalt-Plötzkau 1544 – 1553 and 1603 – 1665

Thābit's formula was rediscovered by Fermat ( 1601 – 1665 ) and Descartes ( 1596 – 1650 ), to whom it is sometimes ascribed, and extended by Euler ( 1707 – 1783 ).

Other notable 17th-century outbreaks were the Italian Plague ( 1629 – 1631 ); the Great Plague of Seville ( 1647 – 1652 ); the Great Plague of London ( 1665 – 1666 ); and the Great Plague of Vienna ( 1679 ).

Nicolas Poussin ( 1594 – 1665 ), French.

* 1665 – Catherine de Vivonne, marquise de Rambouillet, French socialite ( b. 1588 )

* 1726 – Samuel Penhallow, English-born American colonist and historian ( b. 1665 )

* 1729 – Giacomo F. Maraldi, French-Italian astronomer ( b. 1665 )

* 1665 – The Royal Netherlands Marine Corps is founded by Michiel de Ruyter

* 1665 – Tarquinio Merula, Italian composer

* Sir John Gordon, 2nd Baronet ( c. 1632 – 1665 )

* 1622 – Johannes Clauberg, German theologian and philosopher ( d. 1665 )

* 1665 – Anne of Great Britain, Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland ( d. 1714 )

The Great Plague ( 1665 – 1666 ) was the last major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in the Kingdom of England ( part of modern day United Kingdom ).

Despite the arguably greater architectural inventiveness of Borromini and Cortona, Bernini's artistic pre-eminence, particularly during the reigns of popes Urban VIII ( 1623 – 1644 ) and Alexander VII ( 1655 – 1665 ), meant he was able to secure the most important commission in the Rome of his day, St. Peter's Basilica.

Philip III was succeeded in 1621 by his son Philip IV of Spain ( reigned 1621 – 1665 ).

In the reign of Philip's developmentally disabled son and successor Charles II ( 1665 – 1700 ), Spain was essentially left leaderless and was gradually being reduced to a second-rank power.

* Richard Boyle, who died on 3 June 1665 at the Battle of Lowestoft.

* Richard Boyle ( MP ) ( died 1665 ), MP for County Cork

In 1665 he married Lady Henrietta Boyle ( died 1687 ), daughter of Richard Boyle, Earl of Burlington and Cork.

* Archbishop Michael Boyle ( 1665 – 1686 )

His 1665 New Experiments and Observations touching Cold, articulated the dispute known as the primum frigidum.

* 1665 – England installs a municipal government in New York City ( the former Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam ).

* 1665 – New Experiments and Observations upon Cold

The 1666 census of New France was conducted by France's intendant, Jean Talon, in the winter of 1665 – 1666.

The loss of New Netherland led to the Second Anglo – Dutch War during 1665 – 1667.

* New Haven Colony, founded 1638, merged with Connecticut in 1665

Stephen was named for a supposed founder of Elizabethtown, New Jersey, who had, according to family tradition, come from England or Wales as early as 1665, as well as his great-great grandfather Stephen Crane ( 1709 – 1780 ), a Revolutionary War patriot who served as New Jersey delegate to the First Continental Congress in Philadelphia.

Horse racing in the United States and on the North American continent dates back to 1665, which saw the establishment of the Newmarket course in Salisbury, New York.

The English organized the Province of New Jersey in 1665, later splitting the territory into East Jersey and West Jersey in 1674.

One year later, April 8, 1665, Nicolls issued " The Monmouth Patent " to twelve men who had come from Western Long Island and New England seeking permanent stability for religious and civil freedom as well as the prospect of improving their estates.

Today's Shoal Harbor Museum and Old Spy House includes portions of a house constructed by Thomas Whitlock, one of the area's first European settlers, who arrived after the English conquest of New Netherland in 1665 as part of the Second Anglo-Dutch War.

In 1665, Jean Talon was sent by Minister of the Marine Jean-Baptiste Colbert to New France as the first Intendant.

The 1666 census of New France was conducted by France's intendant, Jean Talon, in the winter of 1665 – 66.

Until the arrival of the Carignan-Salières regiment in 1665, militia corps were the only defence of New France.

Finally, after some hesitation, he publicly declared himself as the expected Messiah ( Jewish New Year, 1665 ); the declaration was made in the synagogue, with the blowing of horns, and the multitude greeted him with: " Long live our King, our Messiah!

In 1665, Governor Richard Nicolls appointed Thomas Willett as the first mayor of New York.

Pike is descended from John Pike, an early English immigrant as a child in 1635 and founder of Woodbridge, New Jersey in 1665.

* List of colonial governors of New Jersey # Governors under the Proprietors ( 1665 – 1674 )

In 1665, Carteret was one of the drafters of the Concession and Agreement, a document that provided freedom of religion in the colony of New Jersey.

In 1665, Berkeley was one of the drafters of the Concession and Agreement, a document that provided freedom of religion in the Province of New Jersey.

In 1665, Mar Gregorios Abdul Jaleel, a Bishop sent by the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch arrived in India and the St. Thomas Christians belonging to the " New Party ", under the leadership of the Archdeacon, welcomed him.

At Boston in 1665 they met George Cartwright who had been involved in the 1664 British conquest of New York.