* 1686 – John Balguy, English philosopher ( d. 1748 )

* 1686 – Eustace Budgell, English writer ( d. 1737 )

* 1686 – Jean-Joseph Fiocco, Flemish ( Belgian ) composer ( d. 1746 )

:* John Churchill, Marquess of Blandford ( 1686 – 1703 ), elder son of the 1st Duke, died unmarried

Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit ( 24 May 1686 – 16 September 1736 ) was a Dutch-German-Polish physicist, engineer, and glass blower who is best known for inventing the alcohol thermometer ( 1709 ) and the mercury thermometer ( 1714 ), and for developing a temperature scale now named after him.

* 1612 – John Pearson, English theologian ( d. 1686 )

Fahrenheit is the temperature scale proposed in 1724 by, and named after, the physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit ( 1686 – 1736 ).

Nicolas Steno ( 1638 – 1686 ) is credited with the law of superposition, the principle of original horizontality, and the principle of lateral continuity: three defining principles of stratigraphy.

* George Clinton ( Royal Navy officer ) ( 1686 – 1761 ), British colonial governor of New York

Allan Ramsay ( 1686 – 1758 ) laid the foundations of a reawakening of interest in older Scottish literature, as well as leading the trend for pastoral poetry, helping to develop the Habbie stanza as a poetic form.

* 1703: William Frederick ( before 1686 – 1723 )

Hammurabi ( Akkadian from Amorite ʻAmmurāpi, " the kinsman is a healer ", from ʻAmmu, " paternal kinsman ", and Rāpi, " healer "; ( died c. 1750 BC ) was the sixth king of Babylon ( that is, of the First Babylonian Dynasty ) from 1792 BC to 1750 BC middle chronology ( 1728 BC – 1686 BC short chronology ).

* 1686 – Jean Mairet, French dramatist ( b. 1604 )

* 1614 – Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey, Irish statesman ( d. 1686 )

* 1638 – Nicolas Steno, Danish scientist ( d. 1686 )

* 1686 – Antoine de Jussieu, French naturalist ( d. 1758 )

* 1686 – Philip Livingston, American politician ( d. 1749 )

* 1686 – Archibald Bower, Scottish historian ( d. 1766 )

* 1686 – Albany, New York is formally chartered as a municipality by Governor Thomas Dongan.

* Peter Estenberg ( 1686 – 1740 ), Greek Scholar, Professor, and advisor to King Stanislaw ( Stanisław Leszczyński ) of Poland in the early 18th century.

1670 ), however, a distinctly German style came only after 1700 in the works of Silvius Leopold Weiss ( 1686 – 1750 ), one of the greatest lute composers, some of whose works were transcribed for keyboard by none other than Johann Sebastian Bach ( 1685 – 1750 ), who composed a few pieces for the lute himself ( although it is unclear whether they were really intended for the lute, rather than another plucked string instrument or the lautenwerk ).

* 1686 – The Municipality of Ilagan is founded in the Philippines.

* 1623 – John Egerton, 2nd Earl of Bridgewater, English politician ( d. 1686 )

The Eternal Peace Treaty of 1686 ( Polish: Pokój wieczysty or Pokój Grzymułtowskiego, Russian: Вечный мир, ) was a treaty between Tsardom of Russia and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, signed by Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth envoys: voivod of Poznań Krzysztof Grzymułtowski and chancellor ( kanclerz ) of Lithuania Marcjan Ogiński and Russian knyaz Vasily Vasilyevich Galitzine on May 6, 1686 in Moscow.

Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev () ( April 19, 1686 – July 15, 1750 ) was a prominent Russian statesman, and ethnographer, best remembered as the author of the first full-scale Russian history.

* May 31 – Andrei Osterman, Russian statesman ( b. 1686 )

* Andrei Osterman ( 1686 – 1747 ), Bochum-born Russian statesman

Count Andrey Ivanovich Osterman () ( June 9, 1686 – May 31, 1747 ) was a German-born Russian statesman who came to prominence under Tsar Peter I of Russia ( Peter the Great ) and served until the accession of the Tsesarevna Elizabeth.

The city was burned down by the Tatars in 1513, by the Ottomans in 1538, and by Imperial Russian troops in 1686.

The Russians were also concerned with the military strength of the Manchus, who had demonstrated their capability, in 1685 and 1686, by twice overrunning the Russian outpost at Albazin.

Azov campaigns of 1695 – 96 ( Азо ́ вские похо ́ ды in Russian ), two Russian military campaigns during the Russo-Turkish War of 1686 – 1700, led by Peter the Great and aimed at capturing the Turkish fortress of Azov ( garrison-7, 000 men ), which had been blocking Russia's access to the Azov Sea and the Black Sea.

Until mid-17th century the area belonged to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and since the Treaty of Pereyaslav of 1654, besides of its southern part ( part of Taurida ), it fell under Russian control, later reaffirmed in the Treaty of Andrusovo ( 1667 ) and the Eternal Peace Treaty ( 1686 ) between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Tsardom of Russia.

* the struggle with Crimea, Ottoman Empire, and Russian Empire for the unique identity of Cossacks ( 1686 — 1709 ).

* Simon Ushakov ( 1626 – 1686 ), Russian icon painter

Simon ( Pimen ) Fyodorovich Ushakov ( Russian: Симон ( Пимен ) Федорович Ушаков ) ( 1626 – 25 June 1686 ) was a leading Russian graphic artist of the late 17th-century.

* January 1 – Peregrine Bertie, 2nd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, English statesman ( b. 1686 )

* July 10 – Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey, English royalist statesman ( d. 1686 )

Count Anders Torstenson ( 1641 – 1686 ), Swedish statesman, son of Lennart Torstenson and member of the Privy Council, was from 1674 to 1681 Governor-General of Estonia.

Following the usual career of a statesman of his time he became in turn councillor of the parlement of Paris ( 1676 ), master of requests ( 1686 ), and intendant of the generality of Rouen ( January 1689 ).

Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey PC ( 10 July 1614 – 6 April 1686 ) was an Anglo-Irish royalist statesman.

Peregrine Bertie, 2nd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven PC ( 29 April 1686 – 1 January 1742 ), styled The Honourable Peregrine Bertie between 1686 and 1701, Lord Willoughby de Eresby between 1701 and 1715 and Marquess of Lindsey between 1715 and 1723, was a British nobleman and statesman.

Sir William Coventry ( c. 1628 – 23 June 1686 ) was an English statesman.

** Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie ( 1622 – 1686 ), statesman

* Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie ( 1622 – 1686 ), Swedish statesman, son of Jacob.