* 1761 – Johann Matthias Gesner, German scholar ( b. 1691 )

Ahmed II Khan Ghazi ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثانى Aḥmed-i < u > s </ u > ānī ) < span dir =" ltr ">( February 25, 1643 – February 6, 1695 )</ span > was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1691 to 1695.

Ahmed II was born at Topkapı Palace, Constantinople, the son of Sultan Ibrahim I ( 1640 – 48 ) by Valide Sultan Khadija Muazzez, and succeeded his brother Suleiman II ( 1687 – 91 ) in 1691.

* 1691 – Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel ( d. 1750 )

Aelbert Jacobsz Cuyp ( October 20, 1620 – November 15, 1691 ) was one of the leading Dutch landscape painters of the Dutch Golden Age in the 17th century.

In chemistry this began with Robert Boyle ( 1627 – 1691 ) who came up with an equation known as Boyle's Law about the characteristics of gaseous state.

* 1691 – Robert Boyle, English scientist ( b. 1627 )

* 1639 – Daniel Georg Morhof, German writer and scholar ( d. 1691 )

* 1691 – Edward Cave, English editor and publisher ( d. 1754 )

George Fox ( July 1624 – 13 January 1691 ) was an English Dissenter and a founder of the Religious Society of Friends, commonly known as the Quakers or Friends.

" Fox, George ( 1624 – 1691 )".

Image: Ch20_asago. jpg | Genji Monogatari, by Tosa Mitsuoki ( 1617 – 1691 ), Japanese

* 1691 – Giovanni Paolo Panini, Italian painter and architect ( d. 1765 )

* 1627 – Robert Boyle, Irish chemist ( d. 1691 )

* 1691 – Battle of Aughrim ( Julian calendar ) – The decisive victory of William III of England's forces in Ireland.

* 1691 – Peter Scheemakers, Flemish Roman Catholic sculptor ( d. 1781 )

* 1754 – Edward Cave, English editor and publisher ( b. 1691 )

* 1615 – Richard Baxter, English clergyman ( d. 1691 )

* 1691 – William Sacheverell, English statesman ( b. 1638 )

Pope Alexander VIII ( 22 April 1610 – 1 February 1691 ), born Pietro Vito Ottoboni, was Pope from 1689 to 1691.

His tomb in St. Peter's was designed by Count Arrigo di San Martino and sculpted ( 1691 – 1725 ) by Angelo de ' Rossi and Giuseppe Bertosi.

On 16 May 1691, Kidd married Sarah Bradley Cox Oort, an English woman in her early twenties, who had already been twice widowed and was one of the wealthiest women in New York, largely due to her inheritance from her first husband.

The word was first attested in English in 1691 in the form orang-outang, and variants with-ng instead of-n as in the Malay original are found in many languages.

* July – George Fox, English founder of the Quakers ( d. 1691 )

* January 10 – Edward Cave, English editor and publisher ( b. 1691 )

* July 28 – George Dodington, 1st Baron Melcombe, English politician ( b. 1691 )

** Edward Pococke, English Orientalist and biblical scholar ( d. 1691 )

* September 7 – Colonel John Birch, English soldier ( d. 1691 )

* November 12 – Richard Baxter, English clergyman ( d. 1691 )

* January 25 – Robert Boyle, English scientist ( d. 1691 )

** Sir John Flavel, English dissenter ( d. 1691 )

* May 10 – Dudley North, English economist ( d. 1691 )

* February 17 – Arthur Onslow, English politician ( b. 1691 )

The French, who had colonized the Saint Lawrence River valley to the north, and the English, who had taken over the Dutch settlements that became the Province of New York to the south, began contesting the area as early as 1691, when Pieter Schuyler built a small wooden fort at the Ticonderoga point on the western shore of the lake.

* Thomas Smith's Life of Camden ( 1691 ) in Latin and English.

Wollaston also published anonymously a small book, On the Design of the Book of Ecclesiastes, or the Unreasonableness of Men's Restless Contention for the Present Enjoyments, represented in an English Poem ( London, 1691 ).

The English Colonial government needed a road between the communities of Burlingtown and Salem, so they built the Kings Highway in 1691 which opened the southern portion of Gloucester County to more settlers.

The first English patent under the category of Washing and Wringing Machines was issued in 1691.

Richard Baxter ( 12 November 1615 – 8 December 1691 ) was an English Puritan church leader, poet, hymn-writer, theologian, and controversialist.

In 1691, at the collapse of rule by Sir Edmund Andros and the reorganization of Massachusetts as a royal colony, Dukes County was transferred back to the Province of Massachusetts Bay, and split into the county of Dukes County, Massachusetts and Nantucket County, Massachusetts.

In 1691, the two colonies merged to become the royal Province of Massachusetts Bay.

It was formally organized as an English royal colony on October 7, 1691, during the period of English colonization.

The notion of self-government became accepted in the colonies although it wasn't totally free from challenges ; in the 1670s, the Lords of Trade and Plantations ( a royal committee regulating mercantile trade in the colonies ) tried to annul the Massachusetts Bay charter, but by 1691, the New England colonies had reinstalled their previous governments.

Leisler's Rebellion, an uprising in which militia captain Jacob Leisler seized control of lower New York from 1689 to 1691, occurred in the midst of England's " Glorious Revolution " and reflected colonial resentment against King James II, who in the 1680s decreed the formation of New York, New Jersey and the Dominion of New England as royal colonies, with New York City designated as the capital.

In 1691, Plymouth Colony and Maine were absorbed in a new royal charter.