* 1686 – Eustace Budgell, English writer ( d. 1737 )

* 1660 – Hubert Gautier, French scientist and engineer ( d. 1737 )

* 1806 – Michael Haydn, Austrian composer ( b. 1737 )

* 1798 – Luigi Galvani, Italian physicist ( b. 1737 )

* 1737 – Prince Josias of Coburg, Austrian general ( d. 1815 )

* 1680 – John Sidney, 6th Earl of Leicester, English privy councillor ( d. 1737 )

Francis Hopkinson ( September 21, 1737 – May 9, 1791 ), an American author, was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence as a delegate from New Jersey.

* 1670 – Benjamin Wadsworth, American President of Harvard University ( d. 1737 )

* 1781 – Josef Mysliveček, Czech composer ( b. 1737 )

* 1666 – George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, British soldier ( d. 1737 )

* 1737 – Thomas Paine, English radical liberal philosopher, American revolutionary ( d. 1809 )

Frances " Fanny " Abington ( 1737 – 4 March 1815 ) was a British actress.

After visiting Latin School in Kamenz ( from 1737 onwards ) and the Fürstenschule St. Afra in Meissen ( from 1741 onwards ) he studied theology and medicine in Leipzig ( 1746 – 1748 ).

Henry Middleton was born in 1717 near Charleston, South Carolina to Arthur Middleton ( 1681 – 1737 ) and Susan Amory, on the family plantation, " The Oaks ".

* 1737 – George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, British soldier ( b. 1666 )

* 1809 – Thomas Paine, English-American author and pamphleteer ( b. 1737 )

* 1737 – Giuseppe Millico, Italian soprano castrato, composer, and music teacher ( d. 1802 )

* 1794 – Edward Gibbon, English historian ( b. 1737 )

* 1737 – Princess Louise Marie of France ( d. 1787 )

* 1683 – Caroline of Ansbach, English noble ( d. 1737 )

* 1737 – William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne, English statesman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom ( d. 1805 )

* 1805 – William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne, Irish-English statesman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom ( b. 1737 )

His father Abraham Van Buren ( 1737 – 1817 ) was a farmer, the owner of six slaves, and a tavern-keeper in Kinderhook.

* 1737 – Benjamin Wadsworth, President of Harvard University ( b. 1670 )

The Habsburg Monarchy entered the war in 1737 on the Russian side to get its share, but was forced to make peace with Ottomans at the separate Treaty of Belgrade, surrendering Northern Serbia, Northern Bosnia and Oltenia, and allowing the Ottomans to resist the Russian push toward Istanbul.

These included leading figures of the European ' Enlightenment ' including the philosophers Voltaire, 1694 – 1778 ) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau ( 1712 – 1778 ); the future US Presidents John Adams ( 1735 – 1826 ) and Thomas Jefferson ( 1743 – 1826 ); Benjamin Franklin ( 1706 – 1790 ); the German landscape artist Prince Hermann von Pückler-Muskau ; the Italian statesman Giuseppe Garibaldi ( 1807 – 1882 ); Russian Tsars Nicholas I ( 1796 – 1855 ) and Alexander I ( 1777 – 1825 ); the king of Persia ; Queen Victoria ( 1819 – 1901 ) and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg ( 1819 – 61 ); Sir Walter Scott ( 1771 – 1832 ); Prince Leopold III, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau ( 1740 – 1817 ); Prime Ministers William Ewart Gladstone ( 1809 – 1898 ) and Sir Robert Walpole ( 1676 – 1745 ); Queen Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach ( 1683 – 1737 ); John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute ( 1713 – 92 ) his architect William Burges ( 1827 – 1881 ) and the present Prince of Wales and Princess Margaret.

Ernst Johann von Biron (; ; – ) was a Duke of Courland and Semigallia ( 1737 ) and regent of the Russian Empire ( 1740 ).

* November 11-Platon Levshin, Russian church historian ( born 1737 )

He was present at the taking of Ochakov in 1737 and brought to the Russian capital news about the capture of Khotin in 1739.

In 1737 he was appointed the second Russian plenipotentiary at the abortive congress of Nemirov held for the conclusion of peace with the Porte.

It was founded in 1737 as a fortress called Stavropol () by the Russian statesman Vasily Tatishchev.

Upon the death of his wife who had perished in the black plague of 1737, he offered to raise an irregular corps of pandurs for service against the Turks, but this offer was refused, after which he entered the Russian army as a mercenary.

Münnich refused to resume the campaign the very next year, but he returned to the lower Dnieper steppes in 1737, and on July 2 took the fortress of Özi with the help of the Russian artillery.

After several wars with Russia from 1737 when Burkhard Christoph von Münnich burnt down the capital of Khanate and occupation of the Crimean Khanate by the Russian Empire in 1783, it was turned into an ordinary town, having lost administrative significance.

In 1737, the Russian government relocated a number of the Volga Cossacks to Astrakhan and formed a Cossack unit of 3 sotnyas, or 300 men, for escorting couriers and correspondence and for guard duty, which would be re-organized into the Astrakhan regiment ( 5 sotnyas, or 500 men ) on March 28, 1750.

Whereas the fortress was hard to conquer when properly defended, due to its remote location from Turkey, its garrison was often understaffed and defended by the Russian army in 1737 and 1771.

He had four sons, Ambjørn Giers ( 1670, 1745 ), Nils Giers ( 1674, 1725 ), Eric Giers ( 1678, 1737 ) and he who is one of the fathers of the Russian branch Lorentz Giers ( 1680, 1733 ).

* Ernst Johann von Biron, ( 1690 – 1769 ), Russian regent 1740, sovereign Duke of Courland ( 1737 – 40, 1763 – 72 )

Vakhtang started for his diplomatic journey, in company with a Russian general, but fell ill on his way, and died at Astrakhan on March 26, 1737.

The Russian Empire besieged Ochakiv in 1737, regarding it as the main obstacle to the possession of the Black Sea littoral.

Joseph Nollekens was born in 1737, the son of a painter of the same name.

* Matthias Johann Meyer or Matthias Meyer, ( died 1737 ) baroque painter

Pierre Eugene du Simitiere ( 18 September 1737, Geneva, Switzerland — October 1784, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA ) — born Pierre-Eugène Ducimetière () — was a member of the American Philosophical Society, naturalist, American patriot, and portrait painter.

* David Martin ( artist ) ( 1737 – 1797 ), British painter and engraver

David Martin ( 1737 – 1798 ), the painter and engraver ; Thomas Chalmers ( 1780 – 1847 ), the great divine ; John Goodsir ( 1814 – 1867 ), the anatomist ; and Robert Fowler ( 1853 – 1926 ), artist, were natives of Anstruther.

* Georg Melchior Kraus ( 1737 – 1806 ), German painter

Jacob Philipp Hackert ( 15 September 1737 – 28 April 1807 ) was a landscape painter from Brandenburg, who did most of his work in Italy.