* 1812 – British forces under the command of the Duke of Wellington assault the fortress of Badajoz.

* 1812 – Alexander Herzen, Russian writer ( d. 1870 )

* 1812 – The Territory of Orleans becomes the 18th U. S. state under the name Louisiana.

* 1812 – Kaspar Hauser, German mystery boy ( d. 1833 )

* 1812 – Bertalan Szemere, Hungarian politician ( d. 1869 )

* 1812 – War of 1812: The Battle of Fort Dearborn is fought between United States troops and Potawatomi at what is now Chicago, Illinois.

* 1812 – War of 1812: American frigate defeats the British frigate off the coast of Nova Scotia, Canada earning her nickname " Old Ironsides ".

He was one of the founders of the Geological Society of London in 1807 and was its honorary secretary in 1812 – 1817.

Andrew Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, to Jacob Johnson ( 1778 – 1812 ) and Mary (" Polly ") McDonough ( 1783 – 1856 ), a seamstress and the daughter of Andrew McDonough.

* 1812 – Peninsula War: A coalition of Spanish, British, and Portuguese forces succeed in lifting the two-and-a-half-year-long Siege of Cádiz.

* Alfonso Sanz y Martínez de Arizala ( 28 January 1880, Madrid – 1970 ), married in 1922 to María de Guadalupe de Limantour y Mariscal ( d. 1977, Marbella ), daughter of Julio de Limantour y Marquet ( 17 June 1863, Mexico City – 11 October 1909, Mexico City ) and wife Elena Mariscal y ..., paternal granddaughter of French Joseph Yves de Limantour y Rence de la Pagame ( 1812, Ploemeur – 1885, Mexico City ) and wife Adèle Marquet y Cabannes ( 1820, Bordeaux –?

* 1768 – Joseph Dennie, American author and journalist ( d. 1812 )

* 1812 – Agoston Haraszthy Hungarian-American traveler, writer, and winemaker, founded Buena Vista Winery ( d. 1869 )

* 1812 – Peninsular War: French troops engage British-Portuguese forces in the Battle of Majadahonda.

* 1748 – Joseph Schuster, German composer ( d. 1812 )

* 1813 – War of 1812: United States troops capture the capital of Upper Canada in the Battle of York ( present day Toronto, Canada ).

* Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym: 1718 – 1812

The latter, members of two regiments of Swiss mercenaries transported by Great Britain to Canada to fight the Americans in the War of 1812, had settled in Montreal and Kingston at the close of the war in 1815.

This refusal to accept any renunciation of allegiance to the Crown led to conflict with the United States over impressment, and then led to further conflicts even during the War of 1812, when thirteen Irish American prisoners of war were executed as traitors after the Battle of Queenston Heights ; Winfield Scott urged American reprisal, but none was carried out.

* War of 1812

His father, Ulysses F. Doubleday, fought in the War of 1812, published newspapers and books, and represented Auburn, New York for four years in the United States Congress.

* Uncle Sam ( initials U. S .) is a common national personification of the American government that according to legend came into use during the War of 1812 and was supposedly named for Samuel Wilson a meat packer in New York, who supplied rations for the soldiers.

With the American Revolutionary War came " Brother Jonathan " as another personification and finally after the War of 1812 Uncle Sam appeared.

These were followed by significant numbers of freed Africans in the War of 1812, Irish immigrants in the mid 19th century and Dutch immigrants after World War II.

" The Star-Spangled Banner " has special meaning to Baltimore historically, as it was written during the Battle of Baltimore in the War of 1812 by Francis Scott Key, a Baltimorean.

In addition to battling the armies of other European Empires ( and of its former colonies, the United States, in the American War of 1812 ), in the battle for global supremacy, the British Army fought the Chinese in the First and Second Opium Wars, and the Boxer Rebellion, Māori tribes in the first of the New Zealand Wars, Nawab Shiraj-ud-Daula's forces and British East India Company mutineers in the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857, the Boers in the First and Second Boer Wars, Irish Fenians in Canada during the Fenian raids and Irish separatists in the Anglo-Irish War.

The most serious breach in the relationship was the War of 1812, which saw an American invasion of then British North America and counter-invasions from British-Canadian forces.

Three were completed when the War of 1812 broke out ; these were the Santee Canal ( opened 1800 ) in South Carolina, the Middlesex Canal ( opened 1802 ) in Massachusetts and the Dismal Swamp Canal ( opened 1805 ) in Virginia.

The Rideau Canal was built as a result of the War of 1812 to provide military transportation between the British colonies of Upper Canada and Lower Canada as an alternative to part of the St. Lawrence River, which was susceptible to blockade by the United States.

The second wave from Britain and Ireland was encouraged to settle in Canada after the War of 1812 by the governors of Canada, who were worried about anti-English sentiment among its citizens.

The War of 1812 had some effect on the shipping industry in the Maritime colonies of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Cape Breton Island ; however, the significant Royal Navy presence in Halifax and other ports in the region prevented any serious attempts by American raiders.

The Maritimes also have a black population who are mostly descendants of African American loyalists or refugees from the War of 1812, largely concentrated in Nova Scotia but also in various communities throughout southern New Brunswick, Cape Breton ( where the black population is largely of West Indian descent ), and Prince Edward Island.

Designed by Daniel Asher Alexander and constructed originally between 1806 and 1809 by local labour, to hold prisoners of the Napoleonic Wars, it was also used to hold American prisoners from the War of 1812.

* Dartmoor prison plays a central role in The Lively Lady, American author Kenneth Roberts ' 1931 historical novel taking place during The War of 1812

* 1814 – War of 1812: The American schooner USS Carolina is destroyed.

During the War of 1812, the Detroit River served as a major barrier between the American Michigan Territory and British Upper Canada, especially during the Battle of Fort Detroit in August 1812, when Detroit briefly fell to the British.

* 1812 – Alfred Thomas Agate, American artist ( d. 1846 )

During the War of 1812, Key, accompanied by the American Prisoner Exchange Agent Colonel John Stuart Skinner, dined aboard the British ship HMS Tonnant, as the guests of three British officers: Vice Admiral Alexander Cochrane, Rear Admiral George Cockburn, and Major General Robert Ross.

* 1812 – Charles Lewis Tiffany, American jeweler ( d. 1902 )

* 1812 – Alexander Hamilton Stephens, American politician, Vice President of the Confederate States of America and 50th Governor of Georgia ( d. 1883 )

* 1812 – Henry Wilson, American politician 18th Vice President of the United States ( d. 1875 )

The Constitution of 1812 had eliminated all discrimination in the American colonies between Spaniards who were born in Spain and Spanish citizens who happened to be born in the colonies of New Spain.

Winfield Scott leading a line of American infantry at the Battle of Chippawa during the War of 1812.