* 1817 – Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc founded the American School for the Deaf, the first American school for deaf students, in Hartford, Connecticut.

* 1740 – Jean Baptiste Camille Canclaux, French general ( d. 1817 )

In the mid-19th century important leaders included Transcendentalists such as Ralph Waldo Emerson ( 1803 – 1882 ) and Henry David Thoreau ( 1817 – 1862 ).

* 1817 – Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen, Austrian general ( d. 1895 )

* 1817 – Alexander H. Bailey, American politician ( d. 1874 )

* 1817 – Marie-Eugénie de Jésus, French nun and saint, founder of the Religious of the Assumption ( d. 1898 )

He was one of the founders of the Geological Society of London in 1807 and was its honorary secretary in 1812 – 1817.

Four more children followed: Charlotte, ( 1816 – 1855 ), Patrick Branwell ( 1817 – 1848 ), Emily, ( 1818 – 1848 ) and Anne ( 1820 – 1849 ).

* 1874 – Alexander H. Bailey, American politician ( b. 1817 )

People starting with John Oxley in 1817, 1818 and 1821, followed by Charles Sturt in 1829 – 1830 attempted to follow the westward-flowing rivers to find an " inland sea ", but these were found to all flow into the Murray River and Darling River which turn south.

The second period was characterized by the Spanish attempts to reimpose arbitrary rule during the period known as the Reconquista of 1814 – 1817 (" Reconquest ": the term echoes the Reconquista in which the Christian kingdoms retook Iberia from the Muslims ).

He served nine years as a volunteer 1st class, midshipman, and shipmate, including one year in the English Channel and Bay of Biscay ( 1809 ), four years at the Cape of Good Hope and in the East Indies ( 1809 – 14 ), two and a half years on the North American and West Indian stations ( 1814 – 16 ), and a year and a half in the Mediterranean ( 1817 – 18 ).

* 2 Duchess and Duke of Lucca ( 1817 – 1847 )

* 1817 – Christian Emil Krag-Juel-Vind-Frijs, Danish nobleman and politician ( d. 1896 )

* 1775 – Jane Austen, English writer ( d. 1817 )

* George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough ( 1739 – 1817 ), elder son of the 3rd Duke

* 1743 – Martin Heinrich Klaproth, German chemist ( d. 1817 )

* 1817 – Mississippi becomes the 20th U. S. state.

Heinrich Marx converted to Lutheran Protestantism in 1816 or 1817 in order to continue practicing law after the Prussian edict denying Jews to the bar.

* 1740 – Johann Heinrich Jung, German author ( d. 1817 )

A love of Oriental languages and literature led him to exchange the University of Breslau for that of Berlin, in order to study to greater advantage, and there he was received into the house of the Orientalist Heinrich Friedrich von Diez ( 1750 – 1817 ).

Heinrich Karl Ludolf von Sybel ( December 2, 1817 – August 1, 1895 ), German historian, came from a Protestant family which had long been established at Soest, in Westphalia.

* September 12-Johann Heinrich Jung ( Heinrich Stilling ), novelist ( died 1817 )

Martin Heinrich Klaproth ( 1 December 1743 – 1 January 1817 ) was a German chemist.

* December 1-Martin Heinrich Klaproth, German chemist ( died 1817 )

The missionary, orientalist and linguist Heinrich August Jäschke ( 1817 – 1883 ) classified Balti as one of the westernmost Tibetan dialects.

Franz Heinrich von Waldersee was the son of Franz Anton von Waldersee ( 1763 – 1823 ), the illegitimate son of Leopold III Friedrich Franz, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau ( 1740 – 1817 ) with Johanne Eleonore Hoffmeier ( 1739 – 1816 ).

Heinrich Graetz ( October 31, 1817 – September 7, 1891 ) was amongst the first historians to write a comprehensive history of the Jewish people from a Jewish perspective.

* Heinrich Graetz ( 1817 – 1891 ), Jewish historian

Starting in 1817 he studied at the University of Jena, attending the lectures of Jakob Friedrich Fries, Heinrich Luden and Lorenz Oken and joining further Burschenschaften.

Johann Heinrich Jung ( 12 September 1740, Grund – 2 April 1817, Karlsruhe ), best known by his assumed name of Heinrich Stilling, was a German author.

* Wilhelmine Luise of Nassau-Weilburg, then of Nassau ( The Hague, 28 September 1765-Greiz, 10 October 1837 ), married in Kirchheim on 9 January 1786 Heinrich XIII, Prince Reuss of Greiz ( Greiz, 16 February 1747-Greiz, 29 January 1817 ), and had issue

Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp ( 30 October 1817 – 20 February 1892 ), German chemist, was born at Hanau, where his father, Johann Heinrich Kopp ( 1777 – 1858 ), a physician, was professor of chemistry, physics and natural history at the local lyceum.

Heinrich Eduard von Lade ( February 24, 1817 – August 7, 1904 ) was a German banker and amateur astronomer.

He studied his art under Johan Heinrich Lips ( 1758 – 1817 ) and Karl Ernst Hess, at Munich, and from 1816 pursued it in Italy, and chiefly at Rome, till in 1829 he succeeded his former master Hess as professor of engraving in the Munich academy.

* 1727 – Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, Austrian scientist ( d. 1817 )

* 1817 – In Germany, Gustav von Below, an aristocratic officer of the Prussian Guard, and his brothers, founded a charismatic movement based on their estates in Pomerania, which may have included speaking in tongues.

* 1817 – Albert von Kölliker, Swiss anatomist and physiologist ( d. 1905 )

The second major variation is the song " Wenn alle untreu werden " ( German: " If everyone becomes unfaithful ") better known as " Das Treuelied ", which was written by the poet Max von Schenkendorf ( 1783 – 1817 ) and used exactly the same melody as the Wilhelmus.

The son of Karl Friedrich, Grand Duke of Baden by his second, wife Luise Karoline, Baroness Geyer von Geyersberg, who was born into a noble but not reigning family, he only became a Prince in 1817 ( aged 27 ), as part of a new law of succession.

Addrich im Moos ( 1794 ), Der Freihof von Aarau ( 1794 ), Alamontade ( 1802 ), Jonathan Frock, Clementine, Der Creole ( 1830 ), Das Goldmacherdorf ( The Goldmakers ' Village, 1817 ), and Meister Jordan ( 1845 ).

These included leading figures of the European ' Enlightenment ' including the philosophers Voltaire, 1694 – 1778 ) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau ( 1712 – 1778 ); the future US Presidents John Adams ( 1735 – 1826 ) and Thomas Jefferson ( 1743 – 1826 ); Benjamin Franklin ( 1706 – 1790 ); the German landscape artist Prince Hermann von Pückler-Muskau ; the Italian statesman Giuseppe Garibaldi ( 1807 – 1882 ); Russian Tsars Nicholas I ( 1796 – 1855 ) and Alexander I ( 1777 – 1825 ); the king of Persia ; Queen Victoria ( 1819 – 1901 ) and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg ( 1819 – 61 ); Sir Walter Scott ( 1771 – 1832 ); Prince Leopold III, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau ( 1740 – 1817 ); Prime Ministers William Ewart Gladstone ( 1809 – 1898 ) and Sir Robert Walpole ( 1676 – 1745 ); Queen Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach ( 1683 – 1737 ); John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute ( 1713 – 92 ) his architect William Burges ( 1827 – 1881 ) and the present Prince of Wales and Princess Margaret.

In 1818 Niépce became interested in the ancestor of the bicycle, a Laufmaschine invented by Karl von Drais in 1817.

In 1817 Ludwig was also involved in the fall of Prime Minister Count Max Josef von Montgelas.

A petition against torture was presented to the Austrian emperor by Joseph von Sonnenfels ( 1773 – 1817 ).

As a counterblast to this the grand-duke Charles issued in 1817 a pragmatic sanction ( Hausgesetz ) declaring the counts of Höchberg, the issue of a morganatic marriage between the grand-duke Charles Frederick and Luise Geyer von Geyersberg ( created countess Höchberg ), capable of succeeding to the crown.

* August 1-Heinrich von Sybel, German historian ( born 1817 )

In his " Habilitationsschrift " über die ursprungliche Gestalt des Gedichts von der Nibelungen Noth ( 1816 ), and in his review of Hagen's Nibelungen and Benecke's Bonerius, contributed in 1817 to the Jenaische Literaturzeitung he had already laid down the rules of textual criticism and elucidated the phonetic and metrical principle of Middle High German in a manner which marked a distinct advance in that branch of investigation.

Carl Wilhelm von Nägeli ( 26 or 27 March 1817 – 10 May 1891 ) was a Swiss botanist.

Carl Maria von Weber also wrote incidental music to the play in 1817.

Ritter von Laurin, the Austrian consul-general in Egypt, was able to inspect a fragment of the Stone removed by Muhammad Ali in 1817 and reported that it had a pitch-black exterior and a silver-grey, fine-grained interior in which tiny cubes of a bottle-green material were embedded.

The Laufmaschine was invented by the German Baron, Karl von Drais, at Mannheim in 1817.

* 1817: Nova plantarum genera and species written with Alexander von Humboldt and Karl Sigismund Kunth, Volume 2, Lutetiae Parisiorum, Paris. Version numérique sur le site Botanicus.

Temminck was also the author of Histoire naturelle générale des Pigeons et des Gallinacées ( 1813 – 1817 ), Nouveau Recueil de Planches coloriées d ' Oiseaux ( 1820 – 1839 ), and contributed to the mammalian sections of Philipp Franz von Siebold's Fauna japonica ( 1844 – 1850 ).

# Berta Ernestine von Schauenstein ( b. 26 January 1817 – d. Coburg, 15 August 1896 ), married her first cousin Eduard Edgar Schmidt-Löwe von Löwenfels, the illegitimate son of her father's sister, Juliane.

Spix's Macaw was named after the German naturalist Johann Baptist von Spix, who discovered the species in 1817.