He returned to politics to oppose the pro-slavery Kansas – Nebraska Act ( 1854 ); this law repealed the slavery-restricting Missouri Compromise ( 1820 ).

E. B. Tylor ( 2 October 1832 – 2 January 1917 ) and James George Frazer ( 1 January 1854 – 7 May 1941 ) are generally considered the antecedents to modern social anthropology in Britain.

* 1854 – Henry David Thoreau publishes Walden.

* 1854 – Charles Dickens ' Hard Times begins serialisation in his magazine, Household Words.

Arthur Aikin FGS ( 19 May 1773 – 15 April 1854 ) was an English chemist, mineralogist and scientific writer.

* George Finlay ( 1854 ), History of the Byzantine and Greek Empires from 1057 – 1453, Volume 2, William Blackwood & Sons

* 1854 – Moritz Moszkowski, Polish-German composer ( d. 1925 )

* 1773 – Jean-Baptiste de Villèle, French statesman ( d. 1854 )

* 1929 – Aletta Jacobs, Dutch physician ( b. 1854 )

* 1854 – The Hinomaru is established as the official flag to be flown from Japanese ships.

* 1854 – William Stang, German prelate and Bishop ( d. 1907 )

* Jean-Baptiste Muard ( 1809 – 1854 )

In 1846 Robert Smirke was replaced as the Museum's architect by his brother Sydney Smirke, whose major addition was the Round Reading Room 1854 – 1857 ; at in diameter it was then the second widest dome in the world, the Pantheon in Rome being slightly wider.

Layard's work was continued by his assistant, Hormuzd Rassam and in 1852 – 1854 he went on to discover the North Palace of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh with many magnificent reliefs, including the famous Royal Lion Hunt scenes.

#* Zénaïde Laetitia Julie Bonaparte ( 1801 – 1854 )

#** Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte ( 1803 – 1857 ), ornithologist and politician married Princess Zénaïde Bonaparte ( 1801 – 1854 )

The " Orange " in Orange Free State ( 1854 – 1902 ) was named after the Protestant House of Orange in the Netherlands.

* Oscar Wilde ( 1854 – 1900 ), author and playwright ( educated in Portora Royal School )

* Pope Cyril IV of Alexandria reigned 1854 – 1861

C. D. Yonge, London, H. G. Bohn, 1854 – 1890 ):

One of the major contributions to fighting cholera was made by the physician and pioneer medical scientist John Snow ( 1813 – 1858 ), who in 1854 found a link between cholera and contaminated drinking water.

* 1854 – Eureka Stockade: In what is claimed by many to be the birth of Australian democracy, more than 20 gold miners at Ballarat, Victoria, Australia are killed by state troopers in an uprising over mining licences.

In 1854 he helped draft the Plan of Ayutla, a document calling for Santa Anna's deposition and a convention to implement a new constitution.

In 1853, a constituent assembly adopted a constitution based primarily on the ideas of Juan Bautista Alberdi, and Urquiza was inaugurated president in March 1854.

On the abandonment of British rule representatives of the people were elected and met at Bloemfontein on 28 March 1854, and between then and 18 April were engaged in framing a constitution.

The British government granted this concession, which had been previously promised by Lord Grey, and a constitution was established in 1854 of almost unprecedented liberality.

On July 26, 1854 he published a common Danish constitution for the whole monarchy ; it was little more unitary than a veiled absolutism.

* a critical examination of Grote's account of the Athenian constitution ( 1854, Eng.

Buenos Aires wrote their own constitution in 1854.

This provision was much abused during dictatorships, with long-lasting states of siege giving the government a free hand to suppress opposition ( state of emergencies had been declared 52 times by democratic and dictatorial governments, starting in 1854 shortly after the constitution came into force ).

Its first elected governor, Justo Daract, spurred modernization during his term in office from 1854 to 1859, and enacted the province's constitution in 1855.

The word comes from the name of its originator, whose Opus Oxoniense was one of the most important documents in medieval philosophy and Roman Catholic theology, defining what would later be declared the Dogma of the Immaculate conception by Pope Pius IX in his constitution Ineffabilis Deus on 8 December 1854.

From 1853 to 1854, he represented Warren County in the Fiftieth General Assembly, the first held under the new state constitution adopted in 1851.

" An exclusion law, barring African Americans from entering the territory was passed in 1847, repealed in 1854, and added to the new Oregon state constitution in 1857.

The old Chi Phi constitution was discovered in 1854 by some undergraduates who emphasizing the social and disregarding the religious purpose reorganized the society into the modern Greek letter fraternity of the same initials.

Although the belief was widely held since at least Late Antiquity, the doctrine was not formally proclaimed until December 8, 1854, by Pope Pius IX in his papal bull Ineffabilis Deus.

On 8 December 1854, in a great assembly of bishops in St Peter's Basilica at Rome, he promulgated the Bull Ineffabilis Deus, in which the history of the doctrine is summarily traced, and which contains the definition as given above

It was not until 1854 that Pope Pius IX, with the support of the overwhelming majority of Roman Catholic bishops, whom he had consulted between 1851 – 1853, promulgated the papal bull Ineffabilis Deus ( Latin for " Ineffable God "), which defined ex cathedra the dogma of the Immaculate Conception:

Throughout the entire history of the Church, Papal Infallibility has only been invoked, at least unambiguously, twice: Ineffabilis Deus, the definition by Pope Pius IX in 1854 concerning the Immaculate Conception of Mary, and Munificentissimus Deus, the definition by Pope Pius XII in 1950 concerning the Assumption of Mary.

In 1854, Pius IX made the infallible statement Ineffabilis Deus: " The most Blessed Virgin Mary, in the first instant of her conception, by a singular grace and privilege granted by almighty God, in view of the merits of Jesus Christ, the saviour of the human race, was preserved free from all stain of original sin.

* Ineffabilis Deus ( 1854 ) Pius IX's Dogmatic Constitution on the Immaculate Conception of Mary.