The family factory produced armaments for the Crimean War ( 1853 – 1856 ); but, had difficulty switching back to regular domestic production when the fighting ended and they filed for bankruptcy.

* 1856 – William Martin Conway, English art critic and mountaineer ( d. 1937 )

* 1776 – Amedeo Avogadro, Italian chemist ( d. 1856 )

* 1856 – George Coulthard, Australian footballer and cricketer ( d. 1883 )

* 1856 – Alfred Deakin, Australian politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Australia ( d. 1919 )

* 1856 – Ivan Franko, Ukrainian writer ( d. 1916 )

* 1856 – Aparicio Saravia, Uruguayan politician and military leader ( d. 1904 )

* 1856 – Diamond Jim Brady, American financier ( d. 1917 )

* 1816 – Charles Frédéric Gerhardt, French chemist ( d. 1856 )

** Various articles on Alcidamas ( 1856 – 1919, with links to further online material )

Andrew Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, to Jacob Johnson ( 1778 – 1812 ) and Mary (" Polly ") McDonough ( 1783 – 1856 ), a seamstress and the daughter of Andrew McDonough.

* 1856 – Carle David Tolmé Runge, German physicist ( d. 1927 )

* 1910 – Mikhail Vrubel, Russian painter ( b. 1856 )

* 1925 – John Singer Sargent, American artist ( b. 1856 )

* John Cramp, 1851 – 1853 ( and 1856 – 1869 )

* Edmund Crawley, 1853 – 1856

* John Cramp, 1856 – 1869

* 1856 – William Willett, English builder and daylight saving time advocate ( d. 1915 )

* 1856 – Battle of Rivas: Juan Santamaria burns down the hostel where William Walker's filibusters are holed up.

* 1856 – The Theta Chi fraternity is founded at Norwich University.

He married firstly at the Dolmabahçe Palace in Constantinople in 1856 to Georgian HH Dürrünev Kadın Efendi ( Batumi, 15 March 1835 – Constantinople, Üsküdar, Çamlıca Palace, 3 December 1892 ), and had three children.

He married thirdly in 1872 to Circassian HH Gevherin Nedaxe Kadın Efendi ( Caucasus, 8 July 1856 – Ortaköy Palace, Ortaköy, Constantinople, 20 September 1894 ), and had one child.

* 1856 – Henri Philippe Pétain, French soldier and statesman ( d. 1951 )

Charles Louis Napoléon ( 1808 – 1873 ), son of Louis Napoléon, was president of France in 1848 – 1852 and emperor in 1852 – 1870, reigning as Napoléon III ; his son, Eugène Bonaparte ( 1856 – 1879 ), styled the Prince Imperial, died fighting the Zulus in Natal, South Africa.

#** Napoleon Eugene Louis John Joseph Bonaparte ( 1856 – 1879 )

* 1856 – Louis Zutter, Swiss gymnast ( d. 1946 )

* 1942 – Louis Franchet d ' Espèrey, French general ( b. 1856 )

* 1856 – Louis Brandeis, U. S. Supreme Court Justice ( d. 1941 )

* October 5 – Louis Brandeis, U. S. Supreme Court Justice ( b. 1856 )

* Harlan, Louis R. Booker T. Washington: The Making of a Black Leader, 1856 – 1901 ( 1972 ) the standard biography, Volume 1 ; Booker T. Washington: The Wizard of Tuskegee 1901 – 1915 ( 1983 ), the standard scholarly biography, Volume 2.

Louis Henry Sullivan ( September 3, 1856 – April 14, 1924 ) was an American architect, and has been called the " father of skyscrapers " and " father of modernism " He is considered by many as the creator of the modern skyscraper, was an influential architect and critic of the Chicago School, was a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright, and an inspiration to the Chicago group of architects who have come to be known as the Prairie School.

* 1856 — Louis Pasteur stated that microorganisms produce fermentation.

In 1856, Eugénie gave birth to a legitimate son and heir-apparent, Louis Napoléon, the Prince Impérial.

Napoléon, Prince Imperial, ( Full name: Napoléon Eugène Louis Jean Joseph, 16 March 1856 – 1 June 1879 ), Prince Imperial, Fils de France, was the only child of Emperor Napoleon III of France and his Empress consort Eugénie de Montijo.

The Academy of Science of Saint Louis was founded in 1856 as the first scientific organization west of the Mississippi ( although the organization managed scientific collections for several decades a formal museum was not created until the mid-20th century ).

The university is named for Louis Brandeis ( 1856 – 1941 ), the first Jewish Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.

Some say it is named after Henry Lix who received a land patent on January 3, 1856 ; others claim it is named after Louis W. Lix, the first postmaster of the office that existed from November 25, 1895-April 15, 1945.

Then on March 1, 1856, that St. Louis County became Lake County, and Newton County was renamed St. Louis County and had that eastern area added to it ; it was also expanded westward by incorporating parts of Itasca County, which then also included most of Carlton County.

The community was named for Louis M. Falk, a Prussian merchant who emigrated to America in 1856.

The railroad, built between 1854 and 1856, was extended to St. Louis and was known as the St. Louis & Terre Haute.

its founder, Louis Dumas ( 1856 – 1923 ).

Image: Louis Duma IMG_0592. JPG |< center > Louis Dumas ( 1856 – 1923 ), the founder of Dumas, ca.

* Napoléon Eugène, Prince Imperial or Napoléon IV, Prince Imperial, often referred to as Louis Napoléon ( 1856 – 1879 ), only child of Napoleon III