Abraham Lincoln ( February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865 ) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.

Their impolitic occupation of Columbus, Kentucky on September 3, 1861, two days before Johnston arrived in the Confederacy's capital, Richmond, Virginia, after his cross – country journey, drove Kentucky from its stated neutrality and the majority of Kentuckians into the Union camp.

* Connelly, Thomas L. Army of the Heartland: The Army of Tennessee 1861 – 1862.

The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861 – 1865.

* Weigley, Russell F. A Great Civil War: A Military and Political History, 1861 – 1865.

The American Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ), in the United States often referred to as simply the Civil War and sometimes called the " War Between the States ", was a civil war fought over the secession of the Confederate States.

Land warfare in the East was inconclusive in 1861 – 62, as the Confederacy beat back Union efforts to capture its capital, Richmond, Virginia, notably during the Peninsular Campaign.

* 1861 – First performance of Arthur Sullivan's debut success, his suite of incidental music for The Tempest, leading to a career that included the famous Gilbert and Sullivan operas.

* 1861 – Stanislas de Guaita, French occultist ( d. 1897 )

* 1861 – American Civil War: The war begins with Confederate forces firing on Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.

* 1796 – George N. Briggs, American politician, 19th Governor of Massachusetts ( d. 1861 )

* 1861 – Union forces attack Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.

* 1861 – The United Kingdom annexes Lagos, Nigeria.

* 1861 – Edith Roosevelt, American wife of Theodore Roosevelt, 27th First Lady of the United States ( d. 1948 )

* 1861 – Sammy Jones, Australian cricketer ( d. 1951 )

* 1811 – Elisha Otis, American inventor and businessman, founded the Otis Elevator Company ( d. 1861 )

This became poignantly true during the most serious test of American cohesion in the U. S. Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ).

* 1861 – American Civil War: Maryland's House of Delegates votes not to secede from the Union.

* 1861 – First ascent of Weisshorn, fifth highest summit in the Alps.

* 1861 – American Civil War: Fort Sumter surrenders to Confederate forces.

* 1861 – Iván Persa, Hungarian-Slovene writer and catholic priest ( d. 1935 )

* 1861 – American Civil War: US Navy squadron captures forts at Hatteras Inlet, North Carolina.

The Robber Barons: The Great American Capitalists, 1861 – 1901 ISBN 99918-47-99-5

* 1766 – Collin McKinney, American surveyor, merchant, politician, and preacher, helped draft the Texas Declaration of Independence ( d. 1861 )

* 1861 – American Civil War: in order to help pay for the war effort, the United States government levies the first income tax as part of the Revenue Act of 1861 ( 3 % of all incomes over US $ 800 ; rescinded in 1872 ).

* Frederick William IV ( 1840 – 1861 ) ( son of )

* October 15 – King Frederick William IV of Prussia ( d. 1861 )

* Prince William of Prussia served as regent from 1858 to 1861 for his older brother King Frederick William IV of Prussia, who had become mentally unfit to rule.

Frederick and Mary had two children together who survived infancy: a daughter, Marion ( born October 28, 1861 ) and a son Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. Their first child, John Theodore Olmsted, was born on June 13, 1860 and died in infancy.

* Frederick William IV of Prussia ( 1795 – 1861 ), King of Prussia

In 1861, Frederick W. Gunn, the abolitionist founder of the Gunnery prep school, opened America's first summer camp in Washington.

< nowiki > In 1861 ,</ nowiki > William Frederick Webb, African < nowiki > explorer, bought the Abbey from Wildman's widow.

* Frederick Jackson Turner ( 1861 – 1932 ), American historian

Cooper was born at 23 Ennersdale Road, Hither Green, Lewisham, London, the oldest of the three daughters of Charles William Frederick Cooper ( 1844 – 1939 ) by his marriage to Mabel Barnett ( 1861 – 1944 ).

He was invited to Cambridge, where he worked in the biochemistry department under Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins ( 1861 – 1947 ).

* Frederick ( 1797 – 1861 ) was the only one of Perceval's sons not to go to Harrow.

* King William I of Prussia, who succeeded his brother Frederick William IV in 1861

Subsequently, other descriptions of RLS were published, including those by Francois Boissier de Sauvages ( 1763 ), Magnus Huss ( 1849 ), Theodur Wittmaack ( 1861 ), George Miller Beard ( 1880 ), Georges Gilles de la Tourette ( 1898 ), Hermann Oppenheim ( 1923 ) and Frederick Gerard Allison ( 1943 ).

Frederick Jackson Turner ( November 14, 1861 – March 14, 1932 ) was an American historian in the early 20th century, based at the University of Wisconsin until 1910, and then at Harvard.

Frederick William IV ( 1840 – 1861 ) managed to suppress the revolution.

William I, German Emperor | Kaiser Wilhelm I reigned 2 January 1861 – 9 March 1888. Frederick III, German Emperor | Kaiser Frederick III reigned for only 99 days during the Year of Three Emperors ( 9 March – 15 June 1888 ).

Wilhelm pursued a considerably more moderate course, and gained enough power that, by Frederick William's death in 1861, he was able to become king in his own right as William I.

By 1861 Frederick Stewart would become " The Founder of Hong Kong Education " for integrating a modern western-style education model into the Colonial Hong Kong school system.

Tait was an enthusiastic golfer and, of his seven children, two, Frederick Guthrie Tait ( 1870 – 1900 ) and John Guthrie Tait ( 1861 – 1945 ) went on to become gifted amateur champions.

George Frederick Samuel Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon KG, GCSI, CIE, VD, PC ( 24 October 1827 – 9 July 1909 ), styled Viscount Goderich from 1833 to 1859 and known as the Earl of Ripon in 1859 and as the Earl de Grey and Ripon from 1859 to 1871, was a British politician who served in every Liberal cabinet from 1861 until the year before his death, which took place forty-eight years later.

Sir Frederick Grey 1861 – 1866

* Rear Admiral Frederick Pelham, 1859 – 1861