* 1895 – Oscar Wilde is arrested in the Cadogan Hotel, London after losing a libel case against the Marquess of Queensberry.

* 1895 – Dudley Nichols, American screenwriter ( d. 1960 )

* 1895 – Philippe Panneton, French Canadian physician, diplomat, and writer ( d. 1960 )

* 1803 – Edward Beecher, American theologian ( d. 1895 )

* 1895 – Andreas Alföldi, Hungarian historian and archaeologist ( d. 1981 )

* 1895 – Ernesto Lecuona, Cuban pianist and composer ( d. 1963 )

The Paris – Bordeaux – Paris race of June 1895 has sometimes been erroneously described as the " first motor race ", despite the 1894 event being decided by speed and finishing order of the eligible racers.

* 1895 – István Barta, Hungarian water polo player ( d. 1948 )

* 1895 – Bert Lahr, American actor ( d. 1967 )

* 1828 – Manuel Pavía y Rodríguez de Alburquerque, Spanish general ( d. 1895 )

* 1895 – Matt Henderson, New Zealand cricketer ( d. 1970 )

* 1817 – Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen, Austrian general ( d. 1895 )

* 1895 – Neva Morris, American super-centenarian ( d. 2010 )

* 1895 – Marguerite Nichols, American actress ( d. 1941 )

* 1973 – Richard Marshall, American general ( b. 1895 )

The second generation was led by Fernand Braudel ( 1902 – 1985 ) and included Georges Duby ( 1919 – 1996 ), Pierre Goubert ( 1915 – 2012 ), Robert Mandrou ( 1921 – 1984 ), Pierre Chaunu ( 1923 – 2009 ), Jacques Le Goff ( 1924 – ) and Ernest Labrousse ( 1895 – 1988 ).

* 1895 – Robert Dean Frisbie, American writer ( d. 1948 )

* 1895 – Jack Gregory, Australian cricketer ( d. 1973 )

Another income tax statute in 1894 was overturned in Pollock v. Farmers ' Loan & Trust Co. in 1895, where the Supreme Court held that income taxes on income from property, such as rent income, interest income, and dividend income ( but not income taxes on income from wages, employment, etc.

This amendment exempted income taxes from the constitutional requirements regarding direct taxes, after income taxes on rents, dividends, and interest were ruled to be direct taxes in Pollock v. Farmers ' Loan & Trust Co. ( 1895 ).

The income tax provision was struck down in 1895 by the U. S. Supreme Court case Pollock v. Farmers ' Loan & Trust Co.,.

William Holdsworth, himself considered one of the greatest common law historians, described it as " the ablest introductory sketch of a history of English law that appeared till the publication of Pollock and Maitland's volumes in 1895 ".

In this case, the Supreme Court stated that the contrary decision of the Court 1895 in the case of Pollock v. Farmers ' Loan & Trust Co. had been " effectively overruled by subsequent case law.

In a nation where the Federal government was beginning its battle against monopolies and trusts, where the great bulk of wealth was concentrated in the hands of a few, the decision in Pollock was unpopular, much like the decision in United States v. E. C. Knight Co., 156 U. S. 1 ( 1895 ) of the same year.

In the controversial 1895 case of Pollock v. Farmers ' Loan & Trust Co., however, the Court had overturned longstanding precedent and ruled that while a tax on income from labor was an excise, or indirect tax ( which was not required to be apportioned ), a tax on income derived from property such as interest, dividends, or rents was or should be treated as a direct tax.

* History of English Law before the Time of Edward I ( with Sir Frederick Pollock, 1895 ; new ed.

See also Pollock and Maitland's History of English Law ( 1895 ) and McKechnie's Magna Carta ( 1905 ).

As a result, the courts have said that interpretive techniques that focus on the exact text of a document < ref > Examples include the " plain meaning rule ," Pollock v. Farmers ' Loan & Trust Co., 158 U. S. 601, 619 ( 1895 ) (" The words of the Constitution are to be taken in their obvious sense, and to have a reasonable construction.

Although Shiras sat on the Court for more than 10 years authoring 253 majority decisions and 14 dissents, he is noted for his votes on just two landmark cases, Pollock v. Farmers ' Loan & Trust Co. ( 1895 ), and Plessy v. Ferguson ( 1896 ).

In 1895, the Supreme Court had held in Pollock that a tax from income on property ( unlike a tax on income from employment or vocations ) needed to be proportionate to state population.

After the 1895 Pollock ruling ( essentially, that taxes on income from property should be treated as direct taxes ), this provision made it difficult for Congress to impose a national income tax that applied to all forms of income until the 16th Amendment was ratified in 1913.

Following the 1895 Supreme Court decision in Pollock v. Farmers ' Loan & Trust Co. which effectively ended a federal income tax, some more states instituted their own:

It was built in 1895 by George Freeman Pollock, a young Washington, DC man whose father owned a great deal of the land surrounding the resort.

In 1895, the legal historians Pollock and Maitland described it as being a free " servantship " in the sense that the serjeant, whatever his task, was essentially a menial servant.

The Supreme Court decision of Pollock v. Farmers ' Loan & Trust Co. of 1895 initiated a wave or series of innovations for the financial services community in both tax-treatment and regulation from government.

* Pollock v. Farmers ' Loan & Trust Co. 157 U. S. 429 ( 1895 ), a famous tax case decided by the United States Supreme Court

The Court's interpretation of the federal tax power lasted until modified in Pollock v. Farmers ' Loan & Trust Co. ( 1895 ), in which the Supreme Court held an unapportioned 1894 federal income tax on interest, dividends, and rents to be unconstitutional because the tax was a " direct tax " that had to be apportioned.

Thus, it might be used to challenge the sharp distinction made in U. S. v. E. C. Knight ( 1895 ) between commerce, which was subject to federal regulation, and manufacturing, which was not.

v. U. S. 156 U. S. 51 ( 1895 ), generally considered the pivotal case concerning the rights and powers of the jury, declared: " It is our deep and settled conviction, confirmed by a re-examination of the authorities that the jury, upon the general issue of guilty or not guilty in a criminal case, have the right, as well as the power, to decide, according to their own judgment and consciences, all questions, whether of law or of fact, involved in that issue.

A fundamental concept of Lorentz's theory in 1895 was the " theorem of corresponding states " for terms of order v / c.

George Robert Charles, the 13th Earl ( 1850 – 1895 ), was a grandson of the 10th Earl and a son of Baron Herbert of Lea ( q. v.

* Hilton v. Guyot ( 1895 ), a U. S. Supreme Court case in which the court described the factors to be used when considering the application of comity

Steven Redd argues that the decision in Gibbons v. Ogden survived until 1895, when the court began to limit the congressional power with the case of United States v. E. C. Knight Co., 156 U. S. 1 ( 1895 ).

United States v. E. C. Knight Co., 156 U. S. 1 ( 1895 ), also known as the " Sugar Trust Case ," was a United States Supreme Court case that limited the government's power to control monopolies.

* Record League victory – 11 – 3 v. Lincoln City ( 23 March 1895, most goals scored ) 10 – 0 v. Darwen ( 18 February 1899, widest margin of victory )

* United States v. E. C. Knight Co., 156 U. S. 1 ( 1895 )

In the 1895 in the case of Sparf v. United States written by Justice John Marshall Harlan, the United States Supreme Court held 5 to 4 that a trial judge has no responsibility to inform the jury of the right to nullify laws.

* This work in turn cites the biographies by Heeren ( 1809 ), Döring ( 1835 ) and Monnard ( 1839 ); and biographies in G. v. Wyss's Geschichte der Historiographie in der Schweiz ( Zürich, 1895 ), pp. 305 – 311, and in the Festschrift der Stadt Schaffhausen ( Schaffhausen, 1891 ), pt.

Coffin v. United States, 156 U. S. 432 ( 1895 ), was an appellate case before the United States Supreme Court in 1895 which established the presumption of innocence of persons accused of crimes.

* Un autre monde World " ( 1895 ) translated as Another World included in The Navigators of Space, 2010, q. v.