In the Request for Further Information procedure, use of standard pre-printed forms is not common, and any such request would almost certainly be looked upon critically by the courts, as use of standard forms rather than requests tailored specifically to the case is likely to offend against the ' Overriding Objective ' in that it is unlikely to be proportionate to the case, and instead result in the parties or their lawyers having to spend time, money and resources in answering the questions.

The House of Lords asked the judges of the common law courts to answer five questions on insanity as a criminal defence, and the formulation that emerged from their review — that a defendant should not be held responsible for his actions only if, as a result of his mental disease or defect, he ( i ) did not know that his act would be wrong ; or ( ii ) did not understand the nature and quality of his actions — became the basis of the law governing legal responsibility in cases of insanity in England.

" I have been in and out of the courts as a result of my beating up somebody.

In some countries, sharia courts, with their tradition of pro se representation, simple rules of evidence, and absence of appeals courts, prosecutors, cross examination, complex documentary evidence and discovery proceedings, juries and voir dire proceedings, circumstantial evidence, forensics, case law, standardized codes, exclusionary rules, and most of the other infrastructure of civil and common law court systems, have as a result, comparatively informal and streamlined proceedings.

Despite the fact that the result of the next use would be displayed on the machine, both courts ruled that " The inducement for each play was the chance that by that play the machine would be set to indicate that it would pay checks on the following play.

" These relaxed standards usually do not result in reversals, as the court of appeals grants more deference to the judgment of the lower courts.

The courts decided that there had been irregularities but that they were not serious enough to have affected the overall result, thus the election result was upheld.

As a result, the English language experienced a strong revival ; in 1362, a Statute of Pleading ordered the English language to be used in law courts, and the year after, Parliament was for the first time opened in English.

Many state statutes are the result of insurance industry lobbying to impose " caps " on punitive damages ; however, several state courts have struck down these statutory caps as unconstitutional.

Michael Byers, a University of British Columbia law professor, has argued that these laws go further than the Rome Statute, providing Canadian courts with jurisdiction over acts pre-dating the ICC and occurring in territories outside of ICC member-states ; “ as a result, anyone who is present in Canada and alleged to have committed genocide, torture [...] anywhere, at any time, can be prosecuted Canada .”

Rahel Berkovits, an Orthodox Talmud teacher at Jerusalem's Pardes Institute of Jewish Studies, states that as a result of such changes in Haredi and Modern Orthodox Judaism, " Orthodox women found and oversee prayer communities, argue cases in rabbinic courts, advise on halachic issues, and dominate in social work activities that are all very associated with the role a rabbi performs, even though these women do not have the official title of rabbi.

* Rahel Berkovits, an Orthodox Talmud teacher at Jerusalem's Pardes Institute of Jewish Studies, states that as a result of such changes in Haredi and Modern Orthodox Judaism, " Orthodox women have founded and overseen prayer communities, argue cases in rabbinic courts, advise on halachic issues, and dominate in social work activities that are all very associated with the role a rabbi performs, even though these women do not have the official title of rabbi.

Unless the statutes where the marriage occurred specify that a name change may occur at marriage ( in which case the marriage certificate indicates the new name ), the courts have officially recognized that such a change is a result of the common law right of a person ( man, woman, and sometimes child ) to change their name.

California formerly had " justice of the peace " courts staffed by lay judges, but gradually phased them out after a landmark 1974 decision in which the Supreme Court of California unanimously held that it was a violation of due process to allow a non-lawyer to preside over a criminal trial which could result in incarceration of the defendant.

" The result has been associated more with medieval taverns and pubs rather than the royal courts or church.

During his reign, dance was so important in the royal courts that making a false step in any one of the many dances could result in getting thrown out.

As a result of negotiations with the Congress appointed Dawes Commission regarding the allotment of tribal lands in 1898, the Creek courts ’ jurisdiction was turned over to the Federal government.

As a result a smaller curia was formed to deal with the regular business of the country, and this soon split into various courts ; first the exchequer of pleas, to deal with finance, and then the Court of Common Pleas, to deal with " common " cases.

As a result the nature of the Court of Chancery changed ; rather than being a major corrective system for the common law, it became primarily concerned with the administration and protection of rights, as opposed to the common law courts, which were mainly concerned with the remedy and retribution of problems.

Lawrence White and Jerry Markham rejected these claims and argued that products linked to the financial crisis were not regulated by Glass-Steagall or were available from commercial banks or their affiliates before the GLBA repealed Glass-Steagall sections 20 and 32. Alan Blinder wrote in 2009 that he had “ yet to hear a good answer ” to the question “ what bad practices would have been prevented if Glass-Steagall was still on the books ?” Blinder argued that “ disgraceful ” mortgage underwriting standards “ did not rely on any new GLB powers ,” that “ free-standing investment banks ” not the “ banking-securities conglomerates ” permitted by the GLBA were the major producers of “ dodgy MBS ,” and that he could not “ see how this crisis would have been any milder if GLB had never passed .” Similarly, Melanie Fein has written that the financial crisis “ was not a result of the GLBA ” and that the “ GLBA did not authorize any securities activities that were the cause of the financial crisis .” Fein noted “ ecuritization was not an activity authorized by the GLBA but instead had been held by the courts in 1990 to be part of the business of banking rather than an activity proscribed by the Glass-Steagall Act .” As described above, in 1978 the OCC approved a national bank securitizing residential mortgages.

As a result of this leniency in the ecclesiastical courts, a number of reforms were undertaken to combat the abuse of the benefit of clergy.

A State Supreme Court, other than of its own accord, is bound only by the U. S. Supreme Court's interpretation of federal law, but is not bound by interpretation of federal law by the federal court of appeals for the federal circuit in which the state is included, or even the federal district courts located in the state, a result of the dual sovereigns concept.

As a result, in parts of continental Europe, the ecclesiastical courts operating under the inquisitional procedure became the dominant method by which disputes were adjudicated.

His personal familiarity with the scenes of action undoubtedly contributed much to the final result, but familiarity alone would not have been enough without other qualities.

Mankind, as a result, attains previously undreamed of levels of civilization and culture, a golden age which the Overlords, a very evident symbol of science, have helped produce by introducing reason and the scientific method into human activities.

Shortening the results in this manner will not have any detrimental effect on the accuracy of the final result.

Working in a vacuum of minimal information can result only in show pieces that look good in exhibitions and catalogs and may please the public relations department but have little to do with the essence of interior design.

As a result of that attitude, others have been discouraged from trying central distribution.

For an experiment to qualify as a binomial experiment, it must have four properties: ( 1 ) there must be a fixed number of trials, ( 2 ) each trial must result in a `` success '' or a `` failure '' ( a binomial trial ), ( 3 ) all trials must have identical probabilities of success, ( 4 ) the trials must be independent of each other.

As a result, many people have been confirmed in their conviction that orthography design is not an activity to which experts can contribute anything but confusion.

If this threefold division of costs were to have its counterpart in the actual rates of charge for service, as it actually does have in some rates, there would result a three-part rate for any one class of service.

As a result, most people don't have more than a vague idea what folklore actually is ; ;

Moritz was bothered during the first two games this year by a pulled muscle in the thigh of his right ( kicking ) leg and, as a result, several of his successful conversions have gone barely far enough.

No formal charges have been filed as a result of either of the two reported incidents.

As a result, ever since 1851 when the Senate restaurant opened in the new wing of the Capitol Building, the senators have never ceased to grumble about the food -- even while they opposed every move that might improve it.

The result has been that exports of Underwood products have doubled.

A test result ( calculated from the null hypothesis and the sample ) is called statistically significant if it is deemed unlikely to have occurred, assuming the truth of the null hypothesis.

In order for the appeal to succeed, the appellant must prove that the lower court committed reversible error, that is, an impermissible action by the court acted to cause a result that was unjust, and which would not have resulted had the court acted properly.

If a defendant has been convicted and can prove that his lawyer did not adequately handle his case and that there is a reasonable probability that the result of the trial would have been different had the lawyer given competent representation, he is entitled to a new trial.

More complex assistive technology devices have been developed over time, and as a result, sports for people with disabilities " have changed from being a clinical therapeutic tool to an increasingly competition-oriented activity ".

Among the people of the Arctic the Norwegians have the easiest climate, with most ports in North Norway remaining ice-free all the year as a result of the Gulf Stream.

Proposed subgroups are difficult to recognise, having similar ' lily-like ' flowers, with the result that some members of the group have been included in different subgroups at different times.

There have been cases of humans being contaminated with americium, the worst case being that of Harold McCluskey, who at the age of 64 was exposed to 500 times the occupational standard for americium-241 as a result of an explosion in his lab.

Some of these have explored and offered accounts of Christie's disappearance in 1926, including the 1979 film Agatha ( with Vanessa Redgrave, where she sneaks away to plan revenge against her husband ) and the Doctor Who episode " The Unicorn and the Wasp " ( with Fenella Woolgar, her disappearance being the result of her suffering a temporary breakdown due to a brief psychic link being formed between her and an alien ).

In The Plague, a key description of Oran occurs early, when it is explained that the town is built in such a way that it " turns its back on the bay, with the result that it's impossible to see the sea, you always have to go to look for it.