* Neil Postman, ( 1931 – 2003 ) author, media theorist and cultural critic,

Alfons Maria Jakob ( 2 July 1884, Aschaffenburg / Bavaria – 17 October 1931, Hamburg ) was a German neurologist with important contributions on neuropathology.

* 1866 – Felix-Raymond-Marie Rouleau, Canadian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church ( d. 1931 )

* 1931 – Baba Ram Dass, American Hindu spiritual teacher

* 1931 – Ivan Dixon, American actor and director ( d. 2008 )

* 1931 – Leonid Derbenyov, Russian poet and songwriter ( d. 1995 )

* 1931 – Sri Chinmoy, Bengali-American spiritual teacher, poet, and painter ( d. 2007 )

* 1931 – Joe Cunningham, American baseball player

* 1931 – Chalmers Johnson, American scholar and author ( d. 2010 )

* 1931 – Chuck Essegian, American baseball player

* 1931 – Mário Zagallo, Brazilian footballer and coach

* 1931 – Pierre DuMaine, American bishop

* 1931 – Eddie Fuller, South African cricketer ( d. 2008 )

* 1931 – Viliam Schrojf, Slovak footballer ( d. 2007 )

* 1931 – Ramblin ' Jack Elliott, American singer-songwriter

* 1931 – Trevor Goddard, South African cricketer

* 1958 – Peter Collins, English race car driver ( b. 1931 )

Franciszek Bujak ( 1875 – 1953 ) and Jan Rutkowski ( 1886 – 1949 ), the founders of modern economic history in Poland and of the journal Roczniki Dziejów Spolecznych i Gospodarczych ( 1931 – ), were attracted to the innovations of the Annales school.

* 1862 – Victoria of Baden ( d. 1931 )

* 1868 – Ladislaus Bortkiewicz, Russian mathematician ( d. 1931 )

* 1879 – Johannes Kotze, South African cricketer ( d. 1931 )

* 1931 – Charles E. Rice, American scholar and author

* 1931 – Roger Penrose, English physicist

On 11 October 1931 Gorky read his fairy tale " A Girl and Death " to his visitors Joseph Stalin, Kliment Voroshilov and Vyacheslav Molotov, an event that was later depicted by Viktor Govorov in his painting.

* Viktor Dyk ( 1877 – 1931 ), writer and conservative politician

By 1931, the National Socialist German Workers ' Party was starting to gain influence and control in German politics.

* Walter Benz ( b. 1931 ), German mathematician known for his work on geometric planes

The German physicist Ernst Ruska and the electrical engineer Max Knoll constructed the prototype electron microscope in 1931, capable of four-hundred-power magnification ; the apparatus was a practical application of the principles of electron microscopy.

* 1893 – Lillian Leitzel, German acrobat and strongwoman ( d. 1931 )

* 1931 – Johannes Rau, German politician ( d. 2006 )

Moreover, the pact erased the legal distinction between war and peace since the signatories, having renounced the use of war began to wage wars without declaring them as evidenced by the U. S. intervention in Central America, the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931, the Italian invasion of Abyssinia in 1935, the Soviet invasion of Finland in 1939, and the German and Soviet Union invasions of Poland.

An amateur photographer and Olympic sailor, he was an early supporter of Nazism among German industrialists, joining the SS in 1931, and never disavowing his allegiance to Hitler.

* 1876 – Hermann Müller, German politician, 12th Chancellor of Germany ( d. 1931 )

* 1931 – Janosch, German artist and author

* 1931 – Hanno Drechsler, German politician ( d. 2003 )

Jerzy Lanc, a teacher and Polish national who had moved to Masuria in 1931 to establish a Polish school in Piassutten ( Piasutno ), died in his home of carbon monoxide poisoning, most likely murdered by local German nationalists.

Details of the case were not released to the press, but the evidence against Nurmi was believed be the sworn statements from German race promoters that Nurmi had received $ 250 – 500 per race when running in Germany in autumn 1931.

* 1931 – Hans-Ulrich Wehler, German historian

Georg Wilhelm Pabst produced a German film version in 1931 called Die 3-Groschen-Oper, and the French version of his film was again rendered as L ' Opéra de quat ' sous.

In 1931, in the city including the German settlement-colony Old Sarepta ( founded in 1765 ), subsequently became the largest area of the city — Krasnoarmeysky.

Murnau, German film director ( d. 1931 )

* March 27 – Otto Wallach, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1931 )

* September 18 – Wilhelm von Gloeden, German photographer ( d. 1931 )

The Austrian and German experiences, as well as British budgetary and political difficulties, were among the factors that destroyed confidence in sterling, which occurred in mid-July 1931.

Turandot quickly spread to other venues: Rome ( Teatro Costanzi, April 29, four days after the Milan premiere ), Buenos Aires ( Teatro Colón, June 23 ), Dresden ( September 6, in German ), Venice ( La Fenice, September 9 ), Vienna ( October 14 ; Mafalda Salvatini in the title role ), Berlin ( November 8 ), New York ( Metropolitan Opera, November 16 ), Brussels ( La Monnaie, 17 December, in French ), Naples ( Teatro San Carlo, January 17, 1927 ), Parma ( February 12 ), Turin ( March 17 ), London ( Covent Garden, June 7 ), San Francisco ( September 19 ), Bologna ( October 1927 ), Paris ( March 29, 1928 ), Australia 1928, Moscow ( Bolshoi Theatre, 1931 ).

A German Oriental Society and University of Pennsylvania team led by Oscar Reuther excavated at Ctesiphon in 1928 – 29 and 1931 – 32, mainly at Qasr bint al-Qadi on the western part of the site.

Lorre caused an international sensation with his portrayal of a serial killer who preys on little girls in the German film M ( 1931 ).