President Lincoln ( center right ) with, from left, Generals Sherman, Grant and Admiral Porter – 1868 painting of events aboard the River Queen ( steamboat ) | River Queen in March, 1865

* Mary Hunter Austin ( 1868 – 1934 ), American writer

* 1868 – Akiyama Saneyuki, Japanese naval commander ( d. 1918 )

* 1868 – Hong Beom-do, Korean activist ( d. 1943 )

* 1868 – Paul Claudel, French poet ( d. 1955 )

* 1868 – A massive earthquake near Arica, Peru, causes an estimated 25, 000 casualties, and the subsequent tsunami causes considerable damage as far away as Hawaii and New Zealand.

* 1868 – Constantine I of Greece ( d. 1923 )

* 1917 – Scott Joplin, American musician and composer ( b. 1868 )

* 1868 – Bernarr Macfadden, American bodybuilder, author, and publisher, founded Macfadden Publications ( d. 1955 )

* 1868 – French astronomer Pierre Janssen discovers helium.

* 1786 – Ludwig I of Bavaria ( d. 1868 )

* 1868 – Nikolaos Levidis, Greek target shooter

During the Tokugawa period ( 1600 – 1868 ) the Ainu became increasingly involved in trade with Japanese who controlled the southern portion of the island that is now called Hokkaido.

* 1868 – The Abyssinian War ends as British and Indian troops capture Maqdala.

* 1868 – Edgar Lee Masters, American author ( d. 1950 )

The dethroning of queen Isabel II meant a vacuum that was profited by the Bank of New York and some Cubans opposed to the projected extension of the 1837 Abolition Act to finance a Texas style " independence " revolution known as the Cuban 10 Years War ( 1868 – 78 ) lost by the Cubans.

* 1868 – Peter Behrens, German architect and designer ( d. 1940 )

* 1794 – Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, German botanist ( d. 1868 )

August Horch ( 12 October 1868 – 3 February 1951 ) was a German engineer and automobile pioneer, the founder of the manufacturing giant which would eventually become Audi.

* Charles Aubrey Eaton ( 1868 – 1953 ), clergyman and politician who served in the United States House of Representatives, representing the from 1925 – 1933, and the from 1933-1953.

* 1868 – Hugo Eckener, German pilot and businessman ( d. 1954 )

* 1868 – Former Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu surrenders Edo Castle to Imperial forces, marking the end of the Tokugawa shogunate.

* 1868 – Henry James O ' Farrell, Australian attempted assassin of Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Ladislaus Josephovich Bortkiewicz (,,, or ), August 7, 1868 – July 15, 1931 ) was an economist and statistician of Polish descent, who lived most of his professional life in Germany, where he taught at Strassburg University ( Privatdozent, 1895 – 1897 ) and Berlin University ( 1901 – 1931 ).

Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge, GCB, GCVO, CMG ( Adolphus Charles Alexander Albert Edward George Philip Louis Ladislaus ), born Prince Adolphus of Teck and later The Duke of Teck ( 13 August 1868 – 23 October 1927 ), was a member of the British Royal Family, a great-grandson of King George III and younger brother of Queen Mary, the consort of King George V. In 1900, he succeeded his father as Duke of Teck in the Kingdom of Württemberg.

* 1840 – Dimitri Pisarev, Russian writer and social critic ( d. 1868 )

* 1868 – The Imperial Russian steam frigate Alexander Nevsky is shipwrecked off Jutland while carrying Grand Duke Alexei of Russia.

* June 18 – Maxim Gorky, Russian writer ( b. 1868 )

Lohengrins Russian premiere, outside Riga, took place at the Mariinsky Theatre on 16 October 1868.

By the close of 1868, Mussorgsky had already started and abandoned two important opera projects — the antique, exotic, romantic tragedy Salammbô, written under the influence of Alexander Serov's Judith, and the contemporary, Russian, anti-romantic farce Marriage, influenced by Alexander Dargomyzhsky's The Stone Guest.

In the autumn of 1868, Vladimir Nikolsky, a professor of Russian history and language, and an authority on Pushkin, suggested to Mussorgsky the idea of composing an opera on the subject of Pushkin's drama Boris Godunov.

His Master's dissertation, practically the first text in Russian mathematical literature on Cauchy method of residues, was published in 1868.

By 1868, the Russians had annexed the Zarafshan Valley, and in 1873, the treaty turning Bukhara into a Russian protectorate was signed in Qarshi, much to the dismay of the Emir's son, Abdul Malik, who took to the hills in rebellion.

Merenberg's sister, Sophia ( 1868 – 1927 ), likewise contracted a morganatic marriage in 1891, with Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich of Russia, whose cousin, Emperor Nicholas II banished them to England, unwittingly saving the couple from the maelstrom of the Russian Revolution, which proved fatal to so many Romanovs.

The city came under Russian rule after the citadel had been taken by a force under Colonel Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufman in 1868.

He returned to Paris in 1868, exhausted, with his health damaged due to the Russian winter.

In 1868, Muybridge travelled to the newly-acquired American territory of Alaska to photograph the Tlingit Native Americans, occasional Russian inhabitants, and dramatic landscapes for the US government.

In 1868 / 9 he composed the opera Boris Godunov, about the life of the Russian tsar, but it was rejected by the Mariinsky Opera.

* Olga Knipper, also known as Olga Leonardovna Knipper-Chekhova ( 1868 – 1959 ), Russian stage actress, wife of Anton

In 1868 Borodin became distracted from initial work on the second symphony by preoccupation with the opera Prince Igor, which is seen by some to be his most significant work and one of the most important historical Russian operas.

* Mikhail Lyapunov ( 1820 – 1868 ), Russian astronomer

* Walerian Łukasiński ( 1786 – 1868 )-was a Polish officer and political activist, sentenced by Russian Imperial authorities to 14 years ' imprisonment, he was never released and died after 46 years.

Samarkand became part of the Russian Empire in 1868, and the independence of Bukhara was virtually stripped away in a peace treaty the same year.

* Maxim Gorky ( 1868 – 1936 ), Russian author and political activist, founder of socialist realism

She was christened at Marlborough House on 6 August 1868 by Archibald Campbell Tait, Bishop of London, and her godparents were: her paternal grandmother Queen Victoria ( for whom The Duchess of Cambridge stood proxy ), The Emperor of Russia ( for whom the Russian ambassador Philipp, Graf de Brunnow, stood proxy ), The Tsarevitch of Russia, The Prince Arthur ( her paternal uncle ), Prince Ludwig of Hesse and by Rhine ( her father's brother-in-law ), Prince George of Hesse-Cassel ( her mother's great-uncle ), her mother's sister-in-law The Queen of Greece ( for whom The Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz stood proxy ), The Dowager Queen of Denmark, The Dowager Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the Queen's cousin Princess Francis of Teck and Princess Frederick Augustus of Anhalt-Dessau.

* Alexander Nevski, a Russian steam frigate ; stranded off Thyborøn in 1868 while carrying the crown prince

The position of intendant was part of the tsarist Russian army from 1812 to 1868 ; intendants were responsible for supplies, finances, etc.

It was first published serially in The Russian Messenger between 1868 and 1869.

Privately-founded Orthodox schools not under direct church control played an important role in the spread of Orthodoxy among Russian minorities, prominent examples being the Kazan Central Baptised Tatar School, founded in 1863, or the Simbirsk Central Chuvash School, founded in 1868.