After World War II, the city became divided into East Berlin — the capital of East Germany — and West Berlin, a West German exclave surrounded by the Berlin Wall ( 1961 – 1989 ).

Brabham had a poor season, scoring only four points, and — having run his own private Coopers in non-championship events during 1961 — left the company in 1962 to drive for his own team: the Brabham Racing Organisation, using cars built by Motor Racing Developments.

You Bet Your Life debuted in October 1947 on radio on ABC ( which aired it from 1947 – 49 ), sponsored by costume jewelry manufacturer Allen Gellman ; and then on CBS ( 1949 – 50 ), and finally NBC, continuing until May 1961 — on radio only, 1947 – 1950 ; on both radio and television, 1950 – 1960 ; and on television only, 1960-1961.

Some 2. 6 million people had fled East Germany by 1961 when he built the Berlin Wall to stop them — shooting those who attempted it.

* 1961 — Kenneth S. Pitzer ( Dean of the College of Chemistry, UCB )

Jazz pioneers such as John Coltrane — who recorded a composition entitled ' India ' during the November 1961 sessions for his album Live At The Village Vanguard ( the track was not released until 1963 on Coltrane's album Impressions )— also embraced this fusion.

* Steiner, Margreet L. ( 2001 ), Excavations by Kathleen M. Kenyon in Jerusalem 1961 – 1967, Volume III — The Settlement in the Bronze and Iron Ages, London: Sheffield Academic Press, 2001.

Population of the Netherlands Antilles in thousands, 1961 — 2003.

A version of Nim is played — and has symbolic importance — in the French New Wave film Last Year at Marienbad ( 1961 ).

The 1961 film of West Side Story — set among New York gangs – featured the Jets as white youths, equivalent to Shakespeare's Montagues, while the Sharks, equivalent to the Capulets, are Puerto Rican.

* Weisser, Thomas, Spaghetti Westerns: the Good, the Bad and the Violent — 558 Eurowesterns and Their Personnel, 1961 – 1977.

In My Own Utopia ( 1961 ) by Elizabeth Mann Borghese, gender exists but is dependent upon age rather than sex — genderless children mature into women, some of whom eventually become men.

* Herbert Butterfield-Historian ; Master of Peterhouse ( 1955 – 1968 ), Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge ( 1959 – 1961 ), and Regius Professor of Modern History ( 1963 — 1968 )

* The Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union gave a peaceful outlet to the political and military tensions of the Cold War, leading to the first human spaceflight with the Soviet Union's Vostok 1 mission in 1961, and man's first landing on another world — the Moon — with America's Apollo 11 mission in 1969.

As MAD Magazine pointed out on its cover for the March 1961 issue, this was the first " upside-up " year — i. e., one in which the numerals that form the year look the same as when the numerals are rotated upside down — since 1881.

For the 1753 revision, the best are by L. W. Tancock ( Penguin, 1949 — though he divides the 2-part novel into a number of chapters ), Donald M. Frame ( Signet, 1961 — which notes differences between the 1731 and 1753 editions ), Angela Scholar ( Oxford, 2004, with extensive notes and commentary ), and Andrew Brown ( Hesperus, 2004, with a foreword by Germaine Greer ).

In 1961, the Soviet Union launches its first ballistic missile nuclear submarine, the K-19 — nicknamed " The Widowmaker " due to the many deaths that occurred during its construction.

In My Own Utopia ( 1961 ) by Elizabeth Mann Borghese, gender exists but is dependent upon age rather than sex — genderless children mature into women, some of whom eventually become men.

249 — composed in 1958, 1959, 1961, and 1972 respectively — which are symphonic works for school and college wind bands.

* 1961 – Frank J. Christensen, American labor leader

In March 1961 Singer and another University of Maryland physicist, E. J. Opik, were given a $ 97, 000 grant by NASA to conduct a three-year study of interplanetary gas and dust.

Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich J. Matthaei were the first to elucidate the nature of a codon in 1961 at the National Institutes of Health.

In order to handle all these projects, in 1961 Rietveld set up a partnership with the architects Johan Van Dillen and J.

* Harvey, W. J, The Art of George Eliot, London, Chatto & Windus, 1961.

* 1886 – John J. Becker, American composer ( d. 1961 )

J. Edgar Hoover, director of the FBI, photographed in 1961.

* 1961 – M. J. Alexander, American author and photographer

In the early 20th century, people like Ordway Tead ( 1891 – 1973 ), Walter Scott and J. Mooney applied the principles of psychology to management, while other writers, such as Elton Mayo ( 1880 – 1949 ), Mary Parker Follett ( 1868 – 1933 ), Chester Barnard ( 1886 – 1961 ), Max Weber ( 1864 – 1920 ), Rensis Likert ( 1903 – 1981 ), and Chris Argyris ( 1923-) approached the phenomenon of management from a sociological perspective.

* Hale, J. R. Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy ( 1961 ) online edition

* 1871 – J. Reuben Clark, American attorney, civil servant, and religious leader ( d. 1961 )

* Bardeen, J .: Tunnelling from a many-particle point of view, Physical Review Letters 6 ( 2 ), 1961, p. 57-59.

Built in 1961 and located at the south end of the quadrangle, the E. J.

* September 1 – J. Reuben Clark, Under Secretary of State for U. S. President Calvin Coolidge ( d. 1961 )

Some have compared Plotinus ' teachings to the Hindu school of Advaita Vedanta ( advaita meaning " not two " or " non-dual "), and has been elaborated upon in J. F. Staal, Advaita and Neoplatonism: A critical study in comparative philosophy, Madras: University of Madras, 1961.

* Jones ; J. R. The First Whigs: The Politics of the Exclusion Crisis, 1678 – 1683, 1961 online edition

J. Edgar Hoover in 1961

Princeton, N. J .: Princeton University Press, 1961.

In late 1961, after winning the E. J.

Wide World of Sports debuted April 29, 1961 and was the creation of Edgar J. Scherick through his company, Sports Programs, Inc. After selling his company to the American Broadcasting Company, Scherick hired a young Roone Arledge to produce the show.

Notable later 20th century productions include the Hilton Edwards ' 1959 production at the Gate Theatre in Dublin, starring Milo O ' Shea and Anna Manahan ; John Barton's 1960 Royal Shakespeare Company ( RSC ) production at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre, starring Peter O ' Toole and Peggy Ashcroft, and which included both the complete Induction and the epilogue from A Shrew ; Maurice Daniels's 1961 RSC production at the Aldwych Theatre, starring Derek Godfrey and Vanessa Redgrave ; Trevor Nunn's 1969 RSC production also at the Aldwych, starring Michael Williams and Janet Suzman ; Clifford Williams ' 1973 RSC production at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre, starring Alan Bates and Susan Fleetwood ; William Ball's 1976 commedia dell ' arte-style production at the American Conservatory Theater ; Wilford Leach's 1978 production at the Delacorte Theater, starring Raúl Juliá and Meryl Streep ; Barry Kyle's 1982 RSC production at the Barbican Centre, starring Alun Armstrong and Sinéad Cusack ; Toby Robertson's 1986 production at the Clwyd Theatr Cymru, starring Timothy Dalton and Vanessa Redgrave ; Jonathan Miller's 1987 RSC production at the Barbican, starring Brian Cox and Fiona Shaw ; A. J.

* George A. Cevasco, J. K. Huysmans in England and America: A Bibliographical Study ( The Bibliographical Society of the University of Virginia, n. d., c. 1961 )

Various improvements took place over the years, including the 1952 opening of an air traffic control tower, the 1961 opening of a new terminal building ( dedicated by Richard J. Daley ), runway lengthening, and the late 1990s charting of two FAA instrument approaches allowing landings in poor weather conditions.

The Life of J. M. W. Turner, R. A. ( Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1939 and 1961 )