* Markus Weimer, The Peace Dividend: Analysis of a Decade of Angolan Indicators, 2002 – 2012

* 2012 – The Independent State of Azawad is declared.

* 1919 – István Anhalt, Hungarian-Canadian composer ( d. 2012 )

* 1983 – Anthony Sedlak, Canadian chef ( d. 2012 )

* 2012 – NASA's Curiosity rover lands on the surface of Mars.

* 1916 – Dom Mintoff, Maltese politician and journalist, 8th Prime Minister of Malta ( d. 2012 )

* 1935 – Fortunato Baldelli, Italian cardinal ( d. 2012 )

* 1942 – Byard Lancaster, American saxophonist ( d. 2012 )

* 1945 – Aleksandr Gorelik, Russian figure skater ( d. 2012 )

* 1963 – Whitney Houston, American singer-songwriter, actress, and producer ( d. 2012 )

* 1914 – Big Walter Price, American singer-songwriter and pianist ( d. 2012 )

* 2012 – Ekrem Bora, Turkish actor ( b. 1934 )

* 2012 – Lionel Bowen, Australian politician ( b. 1922 )

* 2012 – Giorgio Chinaglia, Italian footballer ( b. 1947 )

* 2012 – Miguel de la Madrid, Mexican politician, President of Mexico ( b. 1934 )

* 2012 – Leila Denmark, American pediatrician ( b. 1898 )

* 2012 – Jamaa Fanaka, American director, producer, and screenwriter ( b. 1942 )

* 2012 – Jerry Lynch, American baseball player ( b. 1930 )

* 2012 – N. K. P. Salve, Indian politician ( b. 1921 )

* 1933 – Pierluigi Vigna, Italian magistrate ( d. 2012 )

* 1921 – Richard Adler, American songwriter and composer ( d. 2012 )

* 1923 – Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria ( d. 2012 )

* 1928 – Henning Moritzen, Danish actor ( d. 2012 )

* 2012 – John Berry, English motorcycle racing promoter and manager ( b. 1944 )

* 2012 – Martin Fleischmann, Czech-English chemist ( b. 1927 )

Anglican churches which are disused include St Stephen's ( E. H. Shellard, 1853 ), St Paul's ( Clegg & Knowles, 1862 ), and St Ambrose ( H. C. Charlewood, 1884 ): these have all been demolished apart from St Ambrose which was used by the University of Manchester as an Islamic prayer room ) the prayer room is now ( in 2012 ) at the McDougall Centre, Burlington Street ).

The former church of St Ambrose was used by the University of Manchester as an Islamic prayer room for several years but the prayer room is now ( in 2012 ) at the McDougall Centre, Burlington Street ).

On September 26, 2012, Ambrose was in the news again having voted in favour of Motion 312, a motion by Conservative MP Stephen Woodworth that would have directed a Commons committee to revisit the section of the Criminal Code defining at what point human life begins.

Forthcoming works ( some of which are discussed on Joshi's blog at his official website-see below ) also include Unutterable Horror: A History of Supernatural Fiction ( to be published in two volumes, 2011 & 2012 by PS Publishing ); Encyclopedia of the Vampire ( Greenwood Press ); Horror Fiction Index ; a three-volume edition of the letters of Ambrose Bierce ; bibliographies of William Hope Hodgson ( with Sam Gafford and Mike Ashley ) and of Clark Ashton Smith ; The White People and Other Weird Tales by Arthur Machen ( for Penguin Classics ); Essential Writings by Ambrose Bierce ( Library of America, forthcoming 2011 ); a comprehensive bibliography of Ray Bradbury ( with Jon Eller ); a revised / updated edition of the Ramsey Campbell bibliography The Core of Ramsey Campbell ; and an edition of the correspondence between Ramsey Campbell and August Derleth.

Both Genevieve and Ambrose Claverhouse's Spyker are, as of 2012, on display at the Louwman Museum in The Hague.

Ambrose returned to Richard Petty Motorsports for 2012 ; in June, he posted the fastest qualifying speed in NASCAR competition in 25 years, winning his first career Sprint Cup pole at Michigan International Speedway at a speed of, the third fastest pole speed ever in NASCAR.

ARENA ARTISTS ● Sunday, September 23: Esperanza Spalding ; Next Generation Jazz Orchestra, directed by Paul Contos with Ambrose Akinmusire ; Top High School Big Band from the 2012 Next Generation Jazz Festival ; Pat Metheny Unity Band with Chris Potter, Antonio Sanchez, Ben Williams ; Monterey Jazz Festival On Tour / 55th Anniversary Celebration with Dee Dee Bridgewater, Christian McBride, Ambrose Akinmusire, Chris Potter, Benny Green, Lewis Nash.

* 2012 – Jack Ashley, Baron Ashley of Stoke, British politician and campaigner for disabled rights ( b. 1922 )

* British Services Antarctic Expedition 2012

The size and structure of the British Army is continually evolving, but as of 1 July 2012, the British Army employs ; 107, 340 full-time soldiers ( 103, 590 Regulars, 3, 750 Gurkhas ) and 31, 600 Territorial soldiers for a combined component strength of 138, 500 soldiers.

The table below shows historical personnel trends of the British Army from 1750 to 2012.

In February 2012 an MI5 file on Chaplin was opened to the public which revealed that the FBI had contacted the British secret service to provide them with information which would enable them to ban Chaplin from the US.

In 2012 relations came under strain when Julian Assange, founder of the Wikileaks website, entered the Ecuadorian embassy in London and sought asylum ; Assange had recently lost a legal case against his extradition to Sweden on charges of sexual assault and rape, but when within the embassy he was on diplomatic territory and beyond the reach of the British police.

On 30 August 2012 it was announced that British firm Nyota Minerals was about to become the first foreign company to receive a mining licence to extract gold from an estimated resource of 52 tonnes in western Ethiopia.

* 1901 – Florence Green, British, last surviving veteran of World War I ( d. 2012 )

* 2012 – Robin Corbett, Baron Corbett of Castle Vale, British politician ( b. 1933 )

* 2012 – Florence Green, British, last surviving veteran of World War I ( b. 1901 )

In September, 2012, a British Comedy Society blue plaque, to commemorate Chapman, was unveiled at The Angel pub in Highgate, North London, by Jones, Palin, Barry Cryer and Carol Cleveland.

** Lotus F1 Team, a British Formula One team that started competing in 2012 season

* 1950 – Mary Tamm, British actress ( d. 2012 )

* 2012 – Paul McBride, British lawyer ( b. c. 1965 )

On the 13th of January 2012, the US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton announced the US will exchange ambassadors with Burma, after a landmark Burmese political prisoner amnesty .< ref > British Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC )– US to exchange ambassadors with Burma, < http :// www. bbc. co. uk / news / world-asia-16554415 >.

* 1917 – Andrew Fielding Huxley, British scientist, Nobel laureate ( d. 2012 )

* The Phoenix ( comics ), a weekly British comic that started in 2012

However, by 2012 the influence of these small British shareholders over the overwhelmingly non-British owners ( mainly the publicly owned French company EDF ) of the firms that generate and distribute power in Britain is negligible.

* British Services Antarctic Expedition 2012 – In the Spirit of Scott

In 2009 the BBC broadcast Cruickshank on Kew: The Garden That Changed the World, a history of the relationship between Kew Gardens, David Attenborough's kingdom of plants 3D ( Aired on Sky Atlantic, and Sky 3D ' June 2012 '), and the British Empire.

Another theory, brought forth in 2012, suggests that the monument was intended to unify the different peoples of the British island.

In January 2012, British MP Tom Watson discovered that a public relations firm Portland Communications, hired by Stella Artois had been removing this fact from Wikipedia.

* In June 2012 started the filming of Twelve Years a Slave ( film ), directed by British director Steve McQueen who also co-wrote the script with John Ridley to adapt Northup's memoir book.