* Markus Weimer, The Peace Dividend: Analysis of a Decade of Angolan Indicators, 2002 – 2012

* 1919 – István Anhalt, Hungarian-Canadian composer ( d. 2012 )

* 1983 – Anthony Sedlak, Canadian chef ( d. 2012 )

* 2012 – NASA's Curiosity rover lands on the surface of Mars.

* 1916 – Dom Mintoff, Maltese politician and journalist, 8th Prime Minister of Malta ( d. 2012 )

* 1935 – Fortunato Baldelli, Italian cardinal ( d. 2012 )

* 1942 – Byard Lancaster, American saxophonist ( d. 2012 )

* 1945 – Aleksandr Gorelik, Russian figure skater ( d. 2012 )

* 1963 – Whitney Houston, American singer-songwriter, actress, and producer ( d. 2012 )

* 1914 – Big Walter Price, American singer-songwriter and pianist ( d. 2012 )

* 2012 – Ekrem Bora, Turkish actor ( b. 1934 )

* 2012 – Lionel Bowen, Australian politician ( b. 1922 )

* 2012 – Giorgio Chinaglia, Italian footballer ( b. 1947 )

* 2012 – Miguel de la Madrid, Mexican politician, President of Mexico ( b. 1934 )

* 2012 – Leila Denmark, American pediatrician ( b. 1898 )

* 2012 – Jamaa Fanaka, American director, producer, and screenwriter ( b. 1942 )

* 2012 – Jerry Lynch, American baseball player ( b. 1930 )

* 2012 – N. K. P. Salve, Indian politician ( b. 1921 )

* 1933 – Pierluigi Vigna, Italian magistrate ( d. 2012 )

* 1921 – Richard Adler, American songwriter and composer ( d. 2012 )

* 1923 – Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria ( d. 2012 )

* 1928 – Henning Moritzen, Danish actor ( d. 2012 )

* 2012 – John Berry, English motorcycle racing promoter and manager ( b. 1944 )

* 2012 – Martin Fleischmann, Czech-English chemist ( b. 1927 )

De Schutter told the Independent in March 2012: " What we are seeing now is that these financial markets have developed massively with the arrival of these new financial investors, who are purely interested in the short-term monetary gain and are not really interested in the physical thing – they never actually buy the ton of wheat or maize ; they only buy a promise to buy or to sell.

* 1931 – Lawrie Dring, English scout leader, founded World Federation of Independent Scouts ( d. 2012 )

This led to the formation of the Hillsborough Independent Panel, which, in September 2012, concluded that no Liverpool fans were responsible for the deaths, and that attempts had been made by the authorities to conceal what had happened, including the amendment of 164 statements relating to the disaster by the police.

In September 2012, the Hillsborough Independent Panel concluded that up to 41 of the 96 who had died might have been saved had some failings been addressed.

In September of 2012, Ventura announced on several shows, including The Alex Jones Show, that if a grass roots movement gets him ballot access in all fifty states, and Puerto Rico, to run for president in 2016, and access to participate in the candidate debates, he will run for president in 2016, as an Independent.

( Refs: George Martin speaking on BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs ; The Independent, Nov 3 2004 ; the " Queen-Days of our Lives " documentary screened by BBC4 in April 2012.

Jenkins Independent Schools will be entering its 100th year in 2012.

* ES Independent ( established in July 2012 ) is published in tabloid print format and distributed free.

The Hope Township Committee consists of Mayor Timothy C. McDonough ( Independent ; term ends December 31, 2012 ), Deputy Mayor George Beatty ( Republican ; 2011 ) and M. John Koonz ( Republican ; 2010 ).

The Byers Independent School District previously served students until its merger with Petrolia as approved by the voters in May 2012.

The City of Novice was served by the Novice Independent School District until June 2012.

According to the Audit Bureau of Circulations, Ireland, the average daily circulation, of the Irish Independent was down to 125, 986 for the period January to June 2012 ..

* Live at The Independent ( 2012 )

He has recently picked up Independent Label of The Year award at the Music Week Awards in both 2010 and 2012.

* Independent ( Ai album ), a 2012 album by Ai, a Japanese / American R & B musician

In March 2012, The Sunday Independent reported that O ' Reilly was the 11th richest person in Ireland, with a net worth of € 1 billion, excluding his wife's estimated € 300 Million from her shipping family inheritances.

The Independent ( published in 2012 ) puts Kent in 33rd place nationally.

In addition, The Complete University Guide-in association with The Independent 2011 found that Kent ranked 19th for Accounting and Finance, and in 2012 13th for Psychology.

* The 2010 Documentary Left By The Ship which aired on PBS Independent Lens in May 2012, follows 2 years in the lives of 4 Filipino Amerasians today, as the struggle to overcome the stigma related to their birth.

Brown has been signed to a number of record labels during her career including Virgin Records, Independent record label, Amber Café and her latest record deal EMI Music, which she signed in judged for X Factor Australia in 2012.

The members elected from this ward are, as of 2012 ; Lynne Devine ( Scottish National Party ), Glennis Middleton ( SNP ), Colin Brown ( Independent ) and Ian McLaren ( Independent ).

The members elected from this ward are, as of 2012: Bill Duff ( Scottish National Party ), Mark Salmond ( Independent ), Paul Valentine ( Scottish National Party ) and David May ( Scottish Liberal Democrats ).

The main Independent Games Festival, held on March 2012 at San Francisco's GDC 2012, distributed nine major awards: