* Markus Weimer, The Peace Dividend: Analysis of a Decade of Angolan Indicators, 2002 – 2012

* 2012 – The Independent State of Azawad is declared.

* 1919 – István Anhalt, Hungarian-Canadian composer ( d. 2012 )

* 1983 – Anthony Sedlak, Canadian chef ( d. 2012 )

* 2012 – NASA's Curiosity rover lands on the surface of Mars.

* 1916 – Dom Mintoff, Maltese politician and journalist, 8th Prime Minister of Malta ( d. 2012 )

* 1935 – Fortunato Baldelli, Italian cardinal ( d. 2012 )

* 1942 – Byard Lancaster, American saxophonist ( d. 2012 )

* 1945 – Aleksandr Gorelik, Russian figure skater ( d. 2012 )

* 1963 – Whitney Houston, American singer-songwriter, actress, and producer ( d. 2012 )

* 1914 – Big Walter Price, American singer-songwriter and pianist ( d. 2012 )

* 2012 – Ekrem Bora, Turkish actor ( b. 1934 )

* 2012 – Lionel Bowen, Australian politician ( b. 1922 )

* 2012 – Giorgio Chinaglia, Italian footballer ( b. 1947 )

* 2012 – Miguel de la Madrid, Mexican politician, President of Mexico ( b. 1934 )

* 2012 – Leila Denmark, American pediatrician ( b. 1898 )

* 2012 – Jamaa Fanaka, American director, producer, and screenwriter ( b. 1942 )

* 2012 – Jerry Lynch, American baseball player ( b. 1930 )

* 2012 – N. K. P. Salve, Indian politician ( b. 1921 )

* 1933 – Pierluigi Vigna, Italian magistrate ( d. 2012 )

* 1921 – Richard Adler, American songwriter and composer ( d. 2012 )

* 1923 – Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria ( d. 2012 )

* 1928 – Henning Moritzen, Danish actor ( d. 2012 )

* 2012 – John Berry, English motorcycle racing promoter and manager ( b. 1944 )

* 2012 – Martin Fleischmann, Czech-English chemist ( b. 1927 )

François Hollande, who succeeded Sarkozy in 2012, reinstituted the tradition.

In 2012 Sarkozy ran for re-election but was defeated by François Hollande who advocated a growth policy in contrast to the austerity policy advocated by Germany's Angela Merkel as a way of tackling the European sovereign debt crisis.

* François Sagat's Incubus, a 2011 / 2012 gay pornographic film, and directorial debut for François Sagat

The current President of the Republic is François Hollande, who took office on 15 May 2012.

She announced her resignation in May 2012 after being appointed to the new cabinet appointed by President François Hollande.

On 14 July 2012, French President François Hollande announced that Lionel Jospin would lead a commission on deontology and ethics in French political life.

File: François Hollande ( Journées de Nantes 2012 ). jpg | François Hollandecurrent French co-prince of Andorra since 15 May 2012.

More than 3 million people participated in this first open primary, which was considered a success, and former party leader François Hollande was designated the Socialist and Radical candidate for the 2012 presidential election.

The current Prime Minister is Jean-Marc Ayrault who was appointed on 16 May 2012 upon the inauguration of François Hollande.

On 6 May 2012, François Hollande, the First Secretary of the Socialist Party from 1997 to 2008, has been elected President of France, and the next month, the party won the majority in the National Assembly.

On May 17, 2012, Laurent Fabius became Foreign Minister in the government of Jean-Marc Ayrault, appointed Prime Minister by president François Hollande.

François Hollande, the President of France since 2012, resides at the palace.

In November 2012 the UMP's national congress will select a new president among François Fillon and Jean-François Copé.

* François Fillon ( Prime Minister, 2007 – 2012 )

In the first round of the 2012 presidential election, Marine Le Pen won in Hénin-Beaumont, with 35 % of the vote, ahead of both François Hollande ( 27 %) and Nicolas Sarkozy on ( 16 %).

* Chesnais, François 2012 World Economy-The Roots of the World Economic Crisis in International Viewpoint Online magazine: IV445

On 10 May 2012 Juppé along with the rest of the cabinet, including Prime minister François Fillon quit following the defeat of President Nicolas Sarkozy in the presidential election.

Yet, the newly elected French President François Hollande announced that French troops would withdraw from Afghanistan by the end of 2012 – sparking speculation about whether this indicated the NATO coalition there is starting to crumble.

* François Hollande ( 1954 ), former mayor and President of France, elected during the French presidential election, 2012

As a child, Martin Solveig joined the choir of the Petits Chanteurs de Sainte-Croix de Neuilly ,< ref > C à vous programme, France 5, February 22 < sup > nd </ sup >, 2012 </ ref > where he had a classical music training and became soprano soloist under the direction of François Polgár.