In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 326 patients, 4 patients suffered serious adverse events and 61 % became resedated following the use of flumazenil.

A more recent placebo-controlled trial was small ( n = 11 / group ), but results after three months at 1500 mg / day showed no trend for improvements in total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C or triglycerides.

Another randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center clinical trial conducted in the United States showed that 39 % of participants showed significant improvement vs. 3 % of placebo.

In 2009 the results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial on the use of magnetic wrist straps ( a leather strap with a magnetic insert ) for osteoarthritis were published, addressing a gap in the earlier systematic review.

In a four-way placebo-controlled comparison trial of sertraline and exposure therapy, sertraline performed significantly better than placebo, while the exposure therapy resulted in only marginal improvement.

The terms " RCT " and randomized trial are often used synonymously, but some authors distinguish between " RCTs " which compare treatment groups with control groups not receiving treatment ( as in a placebo-controlled study ), and " randomized trials " which can compare multiple treatment groups with each other.

St John's wort was found to be less effective than placebo, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.

A randomized placebo-controlled trial showed that low-dose melatonin supplementation to 72 elderly patients admitted to acute medicine services significantly reduced delirium.

A recent randomized, placebo-controlled trial in patients with cancer cachexia showed the drug was well tolerated and effective at attenuating loss of weight and lean body mass in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.

However, recent data arising from a large, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial indicate EPA administration alone is not successful in the treatment of weight loss in patients with advanced gastrointestinal or lung cancer.

In a double blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial, sage was found to be effective in the management of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.

* In a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 78 participants with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, patients who underwent vertebroplasty had improvements in pain and disability measures that were similar to those in patients who underwent a sham procedure.

A placebo-controlled clinical trial in 106 people with Alzheimer ’ s over 30 weeks was completed in 2002 and the results appeared to demonstrate efficacy in a significant proportion of patients treated.

In the randomized ‚ double-blind ‚ placebo-controlled trial of Neupogen therapy following combination chemotherapy in patients ( n = 207 ) with small cell lung cancer ‚ the chart displays adverse events were reported during blinded cycles of study medication ( placebo or Neupogen at 4 to 8 mcg / kg / day ).

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial, 50 adults with coronary disease or ≥ 1 cardiac risk factor received muscadine grape seed supplementation ( 1300 mg daily ) and placebo for 4 weeks.

A preliminary 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at Duke University Medical Center which studied the effectiveness of atomoxetine on adult obese women.

A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 168 70 year olds with mild cognitive impairment showed that a mix of B vitamins slowed the rate of brain atrophy ; the slowing was related to a decrease in homocysteine levels.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in young healthy females showed an improvement in short-term memory performance 1 hour after administration of a 600 mg dose.

Also improved cognitive ability, in a double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial.

* Nosten F, Luxemburger C, Kyle DE, Ballou WR, Wittes J, Wah E, Chongsuphajaisiddhi T, Gordon DM, White NJ, Sadoff JC, Heppner DG, Bathe K, Blood J, Brockman A, Cobley UT, Hacking D, Hogg D, U KH, Maelankiri L, Chuanak N, Permpanich B, Price R, Raimond D, Schabenberger O, Singharaj P, Singhasivanon P, Slight T, Tulayon S, Tway KL, Ynint T, VincentiDelmas M, deVries A, Webster HK, Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of SPf66 malaria vaccine in children in northwestern Thailand, LANCET 348 ( 9029 ): 701-707,, SEP 14 1996.

However, the National Institutes of Health performed a "... 12-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, compared several herbal regimens and menopausal hormone therapy ( estrogen with or without progesterone ) to placebo in women ages 45 to 55 ... Newton and colleagues found no significant difference between the number of daily hot flashes and / or night sweats in any of the herbal supplement groups when compared to the placebo group.

A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial on giving infants iodized poppyseed oil together with an oral polio vaccine had good results.

However, a placebo-controlled trial failed to show benefit with fluoxetine in 54 patients with DPD.

A 2011 study involving lamotrigine demonstrated efficacy in treating depersonalization disorder in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Benfotiamine is a lipid-soluble form of thiamine that has several placebo-controlled double-blind trials proving efficacy in treating neuropathy and various other diabetic comorbidities.

A 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 56 subjects found that Maca has no effect on sex hormone levels in men, including LH, FSH, prolactin, 17-OH progesterone, testosterone or estradiol.

One review of 52 clinical trials of various cutaneous wart treatments concluded that topical treatments containing salicylic acid were the best supported, with an average cure rate of 75 %, compared with 48 % for the placebo in six placebo-controlled trials including a total of 376 participants.

A meta-study of 31 placebo-controlled trials of the gastric acid secretion inhibitor drug cimetidine in the treatment of gastric or duodenal ulcers found that placebo treatments, in many cases, were as effective as active drugs: of the 1692 patients treated in the 31 trials, 76 % of the 916 treated with the drug were " healed ", and 48 % of the 776 treated with placebo were " healed ".

* Effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events, and blood transfusion in trauma patients with significant haemorrhage ( CRASH-2 ): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial ( The Lancet )

Among HIV-infected patients who had not yet developed AIDS, placebo-controlled trials found that AZT given as single-drug therapy delayed, for a year or two, the onset of AIDS-related illnesses.

Some recent placebo-controlled trials have found however that it may be no better than placebo for some etiologies including acute cough in children.

Among HIV-infected patients who had not yet developed AIDS, placebo-controlled trials found that AZT given as a single-drug therapy delayed, for a year or two, the onset of AIDS-related illnesses.

A 2012 meta-analysis of 10 randomized, placebo-controlled trials published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease found that a daily multivitamin may improve immediate recall memory, but did not affect any other measure of cognitive function.

A 2004 meta-analysis, pooling data from three double-blind placebo-controlled studies, found the multiple herbal extract Iberogast to be significantly more effective than placebo ( p value =. 001 ) at treating patients with functional dyspepsia through the targeting of multiple dyspeptic pathologies.

A recent placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized trial found the formulation of doxylamine and pyridoxine marketed as Diclectin to be effective in controlling nausea and vomiting due to pregnancy.

In a placebo-controlled human study with healthy young men in a weight-training program, it was found that " the lean body mass of the treatment group showed a significant increment, from 52. 26 ( 7. 18 ) kg to 54. 39 ( 7. 43 ) kg ( p = 0. 012 ).

A separate randomized placebo-controlled study published in May 2010, found that high-density ion therapy was more effective than placebo ( dim red light and low-density ions ) but that the results were not statistically significant.

While placebo-controlled trials might provide information about the effectiveness of a treatment, it denies some patients what could be the best available ( if unproven ) treatment.

The available evidence suggests that the Hypericum extracts tested in the included trials a ) are superior to placebo in patients with major depression ; b ) are similarly effective as standard antidepressants ; and c ) have fewer side-effects than standard antidepressants. There are two issues that complicate the interpretation of our findings: 1 ) While the influence of precision on study results in placebo-controlled trials is less pronounced in this updated version of our review compared to the previous version ( Linde 2005a ), results from more precise trials still show smaller effects over placebo than less precise trials. 2 ) Results from German-language countries are considerably more favourable for Hypericum than trials from other countries.

Safety issues will require close scrutiny, but the data available so far are sufficiently positive to undertake large multicentre, placebo-controlled trials, particularly looking at endpoints associated with prevention of frailty and loss of independence.

A meta-analysis published November 2007 combined previous 6-12 week long placebo-controlled studies done for ropinirole which was the first medication to receive Food and Drug Administration approved labeling for use in RLS and pramipexole to indirectly compare adverse reactions and efficacy.