* On the British game show Countdown, contestants are given 30 seconds to make the longest word from nine random letters.

Codes operated by substituting according to a large codebook which linked a random string of characters or numbers to a word or phrase.

In probability theory and statistics, kurtosis ( from the Greek word κυρτός, kyrtos or kurtos, meaning bulging ) is any measure of the " peakedness " of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable.

One limitation of flash memory is that although it can be read or programmed a byte or a word at a time in a random access fashion, it can only be erased a " block " at a time.

" The hardest test items included asking children to repeat back 7 random digits, find three rhymes for the French word " obéisance " and to answer questions such as " My neighbor has been receiving strange visitors.

As co-founder of the Cabaret Voltaire in Zürich, he led the Dada movement in Zürich, and is one of the people credited with naming the movement " Dada ", by allegedly choosing the word at random from a dictionary.

One word of each pair is presented in a random order and the participant is asked to recall the item with which it was originally paired.

However, the elicited memory is devoid of personal grounding and often considered trivial, such as a random word, image, or phrase.

Through a completely random encounter Cayce meets Voytek Biroshak and Ngemi ; the former an artist using old ZX81 microcomputers as a sculpture medium, the latter a collector of rare technology ( he mentions purchasing Stephen King's word processor, for example ).

The word " Core " in the name comes from magnetic core memory, an obsolete random access memory technology.

Although the probability of an ELS in a random place being a meaningful word is small, there are so many possible starting points and skip patterns that many such words can be expected to appear, depending on the details chosen for the experiment, and that it is possible to " tune " an ELS experiment to achieve a result which appears to exhibit patterns that overcome the level of noise.

Unlike standard computer memory ( random access memory or RAM ) in which the user supplies a memory address and the RAM returns the data word stored at that address, a CAM is designed such that the user supplies a data word and the CAM searches its entire memory to see if that data word is stored anywhere in it.

Their writing style, as they described it, was to write down the first thing that came into their heads, lifting words and phrases from the Concise Oxford Dictionary, a Collected Shakespeare, and a Dictionary of Quotations: " We opened books at random, choosing a word or phrase haphazardly.

Here the word ' random ' must be interpreted as subject to correct symmetry considerations.

These debates also feature the Triple Speak, a fun and lighthearted extemporaneous speech during which the speaker must address at first only a single random word, but then incorporate a second and, finally, a third random word, which are announced during the speech.

In another well-known study, subjects were asked, “ If a random word is taken from an English text, is it more likely that the word starts with a K, or that K is the third letter ?” Results showed that participants overestimated the number of words that began with the letter “ k ”, but underestimated the number of words that had “ k ” as the third letter.

" It called for more random checks and robust enforcement of the scheme and states that " the use of the word ‘ pedigree ’ should be tied to a high standard of breeding ( for health and welfare ) across the board with the KC not just with the few that decide to join the Accredited Breeder Scheme ( ABS ).

He may even alter the pattern by applying a scheme of random numbers.

If a work is divided into several large segments, a last-minute drawing of random numbers may determine the order of the segments for any particular performance.

The aesthetic appeal of pure paint laid on at random may exist, but it is a very impoverished appeal.

The random assignment of responsibility to individuals who may or may not be competent has obvious risks, but the system included features meant to obviate possible problems.

In the 1740s, Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis made the first known suggestion in a series of essays that all organisms may have had a common ancestor, and that they had diverged through random variation and natural selection.

The board starts off with a portion of the map left blank: when players expand into the blank region, terrain hexes are drawn at random from a supply and placed in the empty space, and, if a land hex is " discovered ", a number token may be assigned.

* The trajectories of the system may appear erratic, as if random.

The term is a random variable representing all other factors that may have direct influence on wage.

During the last several decades the number of El Niño events increased, and the number of La Niña events decreased, although we may need to observe ENSO for much longer to detect robust changes The question is whether this is a random fluctuation or a normal instance of variation for that phenomenon or the result of global climate changes toward global warming.

In fact, Bayesian inference can be used to show that when the long-run proportion of different outcomes are unknown but exchangeable ( meaning that the random process from which they are generated may be biased but is equally likely to be biased in any direction ) previous observations demonstrate the likely direction of the bias, such that the outcome which has occurred the most in the observed data is the most likely to occur again.

Historicism may be contrasted with reductionist theories, which suppose that all developments can be explained by fundamental principles ( such as in economic determinism ), or theories that posit historical changes as result of random chance.

A material with many atoms in such an excited state may thus result in radiation which is very spectrally limited ( centered around one wavelength of light ), but the individual photons would have no common phase relationship and would emanate in random directions.

On the other hand, it has also been proven that there is no algorithm to determine whether a file is incompressible in the sense of Kolmogorov complexity ; hence, given any particular file, even if it appears random, it's possible that it may be significantly compressed, even including the size of the decompressor.

# random error which may vary from observation to observation.

A statement may be true for a random oracle and false for ordinary Turing machines at the same time ; for example for oracles A, IP < sup > A </ sup >≠ PSPACE < sup > A </ sup >, while IP = PSPACE.

A statistical copolymer in which the probability of finding a particular type of monomer residue at a particular point in the chain is independent of the types of surrounding monomer residue may be referred to as a truly random copolymer ( 3 ).

The central objects of probability theory are random variables, stochastic processes, and events: mathematical abstractions of non-deterministic events or measured quantities that may either be single occurrences or evolve over time in an apparently random fashion.

An example of random variation in Drosophila flies is the number of ommatidia, which may vary ( randomly ) between left and right eyes in a single individual as much as they do between different genotypes overall, or between clones raised in different environments.

The additional requirement of "' purposeful availment ' ensures that a defendant will not be hauled into a jurisdiction solely as a result of ' random, ' fortuitous ,' or ' attenuated ' contacts, omitted or of the unilateral activity of another party or a third person omitted Jurisdiction may, however, be exercised, under some circumstances, even though the defendant never physically entered the forum State.

In probability theory, one may describe the distribution of a random variable as belonging to a family of probability distributions, distinguished from each other by the values of a finite number of parameters.

Similarly, a fluid while flowing under constant stress may show some elastic properties as well, such as storing some of the energy input instead of dissipating it all as heat and random thermal motion of its molecular constituents or having some recovery of strains after stresses are removed, although it may never recover all of its deformation upon removal of the initial applied stress.

They may also conceptually represent either the results of an " objectively " random process ( e. g. rolling a die ), or the " subjective " randomness that results from incomplete knowledge of a quantity.

Thoroughly modern in treatment, they are at the same time, full of simple sincerity which invariably characterizes genuine Negro folk-music and are by no means to be confused with the average ' Broadway Spirituals ' which depend for their racial flavor upon sundry allusions to the ' Amen Corner ', ' judgement Day, ' Gabriel's Horn, and a frustrated devil -- with a few random hallelujahs thrown in for good measure.

Therefore each binomial trial can be thought of as producing a value of a random variable associated with that trial and taking the values 0 and 1, with probabilities Q and P respectively.

If it were wholly random and unrelated, it would be 2.0, assuming the five classes were equal in n, which approximately they are.

Efforts were made to take the grab samples at random periods so that the mass of data could be treated as a 6-hr. composite sample.

She convinced him that he ought to be a member of some of the small tea-drinking parties she held at her rooms and in the end he complied with her wishes, although it was only rarely that he added anything to the random conversations.

As this direction is random, the beam could be expected to spread into a line.

A relative histogram of a random variable can be constructed in

An example of Anomalous operation would be the use of Psi to manipulate a random number generator into giving out pre-selected results, or causing a compass needle to change its heading.

Certain types of large random satisfiable instances of SAT can be solved by survey propagation ( SP ).

Error detecting codes can be optimised to detect burst errors, or random errors.

The codex holds considerable practical advantages over other book formats, such as compactness, sturdiness, ease of reference ( a codex is random access, as opposed to a scroll, which is sequential access ), and especially economy of materials ; unlike the scroll, both recto and verso could be used for writing.

In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function ( CDF ), or just distribution function, describes the probability that a real-valued random variable X with a given probability distribution will be found at a value less than or equal to x.

Because a geographically dispersed population can be expensive to survey, greater economy than simple random sampling can be achieved by treating several respondents within a local area as a cluster.

Using cathode ray tubes, Fred Williams would invent the Williams tube, which would be the first random access computer memory.

If are independent and identically distributed random variables, each with a standard Cauchy distribution, then the sample mean has the same standard Cauchy distribution ( the sample median, which is not affected by extreme values, can be used as a measure of central tendency ).

# A poly-T oligonucleotide primer is hybridized onto the poly-A tail of the mature mRNA template, or random hexamer primers can be added which contain every possible 6 base single strand of DNA and can therefore hybridize anywhere on the RNA ( Reverse transcriptase requires this double-stranded segment as a primer to start its operation.

It was impossible to be true to my sensations and consequently to render life and movement, impossible to be faithful to the effects, so random and so admirable, of nature, impossible to give an individual character to my drawing, I had to give up .”

Random errors will tend to cancel out as more measurements are made, due to regression to the mean ; systematic errors will be detected by differences between the measurements ( and will also tend to cancel out since the direction of the error will still be random ).

This packing material can either be random dumped packing ( 1 – 3 " wide ) such as Raschig rings or structured sheet metal.

Divination can be seen as a systematic method with which to organize what appear to be disjointed, random facets of existence such that they provide insight into a problem at hand.