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Page "Crystal radio" ¶ 27
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tuned and circuit
The tuned circuit, which allows the user of a radio to filter out all but a single station, is just one example of such a circuit.
* In an LC oscillator circuit, the filter is a tuned circuit ( often called a tank circuit ) consisting of an inductor ( L ) and capacitor ( C ) connected together.
Charge flows back and forth between the capacitor's plates through the inductor, so the tuned circuit can store electrical energy oscillating at its resonant frequency.
Crystal oscillators often use the same circuits as LC oscillators, with the crystal replacing the tuned circuit ; the Pierce oscillator circuit is commonly used.
Thomson's oscillator placed an LC tuned circuit in parallel with the arc, used metal electrodes, and included a magnetic blowout.
He attached an LC circuit to the electrodes of an arc lamp, and the negative resistance of the arc excited audio frequency oscillations in the tuned circuit at its resonant frequency.
The input signal is used to switch the active device causing pulses of current to flow through a tuned circuit forming part of the load.
The diagram shows a waveform from a simple class-C circuit without the tuned load.
The tuned circuit resonates at one frequency, the fixed carrier frequency, and so the unwanted frequencies are suppressed, and the wanted full signal ( sine wave ) will be extracted by the tuned load.
The signal bandwidth of the amplifier is limited by the Q-factor of the tuned circuit but this is not a serious limitation.
The average voltage at the drain is then equal to the supply voltage, and the signal voltage appearing across the tuned circuit varies from near zero to near twice the supply voltage during the rf cycle.
At a high enough frequency this capacitance can resonate with the inductance of the coil forming a tuned circuit, causing the coil to become self-resonant.
When inserted together with a galvanometer, into a tuned electrical circuit, it could be used as a very sensitive rectifying detector of high frequency wireless currents, known as radio waves.
His major contributions were the introduction of a closed tuned circuit in the generating part of the transmitter, and its separation from the radiating part ( the antenna ) by means of inductive coupling, and later on the usage of crystals for receiving purposes.
The stages of an intermediate frequency amplifier are tuned to a particular frequency not dependent on the receiving frequency ; it greatly simplifies optimization of the circuit.
To produce higher frequencies, manufacturers make overtone crystals tuned to put the 3rd, 5th, or 7th overtone at the desired frequency, because they are thicker and therefore easier to manufacture than a fundamental crystal that would produce the same frequency — although getting the desired overtone frequency requires a slightly more complicated oscillator circuit.
The intent was to develop an alternative receiver circuit that required fewer tuned circuits than the superheterodyne receiver.
Thus, a high Q tuned circuit in a radio receiver would be more difficult to tune, but would have greater selectivity, it would do a better job of filtering out signals from other stations that lie nearby on the spectrum.
This is typically done via a resonator – in its simplest form, a circuit with a capacitor and an inductor forming a tuned circuit.

tuned and select
In throat singing, the natural harmonic resonances of the lips and mouth are tuned to select certain overtones.
The tuned circuit is also connected to the antenna and serves to select the radio frequency to be received, and is adjustable to tune in different stations.
It also featured select gray parts, white springs, a new " resonator " tuned pipe, hex hardware, new receiver box, and a new paint scheme and revised graphics.

tuned and signal
Here a musical signal is tuned to the correct pitch using digital signal processing techniques.
The residual distortion is dependent upon the bandwidth of the tuned load, with the center frequency seeing very little distortion, but greater attenuation the farther from the tuned frequency that the signal gets.
Inductors in conjunction with capacitors and other components form tuned circuits which can emphasize or filter out specific signal frequencies.
The following essential elements are common to all superhet circuits: a receiving antenna, a tuned stage which may optionally contain amplification ( RF amplifier ), a variable frequency local oscillator, a frequency mixer, a band pass filter and intermediate frequency ( IF ) amplifer, and a demodulator plus additional circuitry to amplify or process the original audio signal ( or other transmitted information ).
The signal from the antenna is tuned and may be amplified in a so-called radio frequency ( RF ) amplifier, although this stage is often omitted.
However, if f < small >< sub > LO </ sub ></ small > is set to f < small >< sub > d </ sub ></ small > + f < small >< sub > IF </ sub ></ small >, then an incoming radio signal at f < small >< sub > LO </ sub ></ small > + f < small >< sub > IF </ sub ></ small > will also produce a heterodyne at f < small >< sub > IF </ sub ></ small >; this is called the image frequency and must be rejected by the tuned circuits in the RF stage.
The difference frequency between that of the incoming signal and that of the oscillator was selected by a tuned transformer, becoming the input to the receiver's intermediate frequency ( IF ) amplifier.
Analog vocoders typically analyze an incoming signal by splitting the signal into a number of tuned frequency bands or ranges.
A modulator and carrier signal are sent through a series of these tuned band pass filters.
Line coding consists of representing the digital signal to be transported by an amplitude-and time-discrete signal that is optimally tuned for the specific properties of the physical channel ( and of the receiving equipment ).
In the homodyne or synchrodyne system, a local oscillator was tuned to the desired input frequency and multiplied with the input signal.
Here a musical signal is tuned to the correct pitch using digital signal processing techniques.
When the TV is tuned to the programmed channel, the video and audio signal of the source device is accessed.
For example, to pick up a signal at 1500 kHz the local oscillator would be tuned to 1450 kHz.
The tuned reed system brought new sophistication, using metal reeds to resonate with the transmitted signal and operate one of a number of different relays.

tuned and radio
Smaller inductor / capacitor combinations provide tuned circuits used in radio reception and broadcasting, for instance.
At the United States Naval Observatory, a radio receiver was lifted 3 kilometers above the ground in a dirigible tuned to a wavelength between 8 and 9 kilometers, using a " radio-camera " developed by Amherst College and Charles Francis Jenkins.
For early domestic radios, tuned radio frequency receivers (" TRF "), also called the Neutrodyne, were more popular because they were cheaper, easier for a non-technical owner to use, and less costly to operate.
Compared with the tuned radio frequency receiver ( TRF ) design, superhets offer better stability because a tuneable oscillator is more easily realized than a tuneable amplifier.
When triodes were first used in radio transmitters and receivers, it was found that tuned amplification stages had a tendency to oscillate unless their gain was very limited.
* electrical resonance of tuned circuits in radios and TVs that allow radio frequencies to be selectively received
This situation results in electronic equipment sensitive to narrow bandwidth ( s ) experiencing much less interference, while those with broadband sensitivity, or even operated at other frequencies ( such as a radio receiver tuned to a different station ), will experience more interference.
For example, a dipole antenna tuned to operate at 3. 75 MHz — the center of the 80 meter amateur radio band — will exhibit an SWR of about 6: 1 at the edges of the band.
During this period, when radio was dominant and filled with a variety of formats and genres, people regularly tuned in to their favorite radio programs.
Without using an IF, all the complicated filters and detectors in a radio or television would have to be tuned in unison each time the frequency was changed, as was necessary in the early tuned radio frequency receivers.
The increased complexity of the superheterodyne circuit compared to earlier regenerative or tuned radio frequency receiver designs slowed its use, but the advantages of the intermediate frequency for selectivity and static rejection eventually won out ; by 1930, most radios sold were ' superhets '.
Alternatively, vehicles can be purchased that are either in kit form or are partially assembled, which are built and tuned by the owner prior to use, but most of the time, the owner will have to buy radio gear, and sometimes even an engine when they buy a kit.
While hospitalized, he also developed a lifelong love and understanding of classical music through the gift of a radio, which he kept tuned to WQXR.
Listeners to German programs often tuned in for curiosity's sake — at one time, German radio had half a million listeners in the U. S .-- but most of them soon lost interest.
One can often hear the signals being modulated on the infrared carrier by operating a remote control in very close proximity to an AM radio not tuned to a station.
Bergen and McCarthy are sometimes credited with " saving the world " because, on the night of October 30, 1938, when Orson Welles performed his War of the Worlds radio play hoax that panicked many listeners, most of the American public had instead tuned in to Bergen and McCarthy on another station and never heard Welles ' play.

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