* Adiabatic Demagnetisation Refrigeration, a cooling technology based on the magnetocaloric effect

Adiabatic cooling occurs when the pressure of a substance is decreased as it does work on its surroundings.

* Adiabatic demagnetization: The substance is returned to another adiabatic ( insulated ) condition so the total entropy remains constant.

Adiabatic processes can occur if the container of the system has thermally-insulated walls or the process happens in an extremely short time, so that there is no opportunity for significant heat exchange.

Adiabatic heating occurs when the pressure of a gas is increased from work done on it by its surroundings, e. g. a piston.

Adiabatic cooling occurs in the Earth's atmosphere with orographic lifting and lee waves, and this can form pileus or lenticular clouds if the air is cooled below the dew point.

Temperature-Entropy diagram The idealized diagrams of a four-stroke Otto cycle Pressure volume diagram | Both diagrams: the < span style =" margin: 1px ; background :# 10ff00 ;"> intake ( A ) </ span > stroke is performed by an Isobaric process | isobaric expansion, followed by an Adiabatic process | adiabatic < span style =" margin: 1px ; background :# ffae21 ;"> compression ( B ) </ span > stroke.

Adiabatic compressibility is defined:

The idealized four-stroke Otto cycle Pressure volume diagram | p-V diagram: the < span style =" margin: 1px ; background-color: # 10ff00 ;"> intake ( A ) </ span > stroke is performed by an Isobaric process | isobaric expansion, followed by the < span style =" margin: 1px ; background-color: # ffae21 ;"> compression ( B ) </ span > stroke, performed by an Adiabatic process | adiabatic compression.

* Adiabatic storage retains the heat produced by compression and returns it to the air when the air is expanded to generate power.

Irreversible Adiabatic Process | adiabatic process: If the cylinder is a perfect insulator, the initial top-left state cannot be reached anymore after it is changed to the one on the top-right.

Adiabatic process: Gradually changing conditions allow the system to adapt its configuration, hence the probability density is modified by the process.

An atomic coherence is essential in research on several effects, such as electromagnetically induced transparency ( EIT ), lasing without inversion ( LWI ), enhanced dispersion without absorption, Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage ( STIRAP ) and nonlinear optical interaction with enhanced efficiency.

Adiabatic shear band is a term used in physics, mechanics and engineering.

" Adiabatic " is a thermodynamic term meaning an absence of heat transfer – the heat produced is retained in the zone where it is created.

Reversible Adiabatic Process | adiabatic process: The state on the left can be reached from the state on the right as well as vice versa without exchanging heat with the environment.

Adiabatic changes in temperature occur due to changes in pressure of a gas while not adding or subtracting any heat.

Adiabatic heating also occurs in the Earth's atmosphere when an air mass descends, for example, in a katabatic wind or Foehn or chinook wind flowing downhill over a mountain range.

Adiabatic cooling does not have to involve a fluid.

" Adiabatic free expansion.

" Adiabatic Processes.

* Thorngren, Dr. Jane R .. " Adiabatic Processes.

Lockheed Martin and the University of Southern California ( USC ) reached an agreement to house the D-Wave One Adiabatic Quantum Computer at the newly formed USC Lockheed Martin Quantum Computing Center, part of USC's Information Sciences Institute campus in Marina del Rey.

# Adiabatic compression of the gas.

# Adiabatic expansion of the gas.

* M. Baer, " Adiabatic and diabatic representations for atom-molecule collisions: treatment of the collinear arrangement ", Chem.

Adiabatic compression or expansion more closely model real life when a compressor has good insulation, a large gas volume, or a short time scale ( i. e., a high power level ).

Spin glasses differ from ferromagnetic materials by the fact that after the external magnetic field is removed from a ferromagnetic substance, the magnetization remains indefinitely at the remanent value.

Saturation is most clearly seen in the magnetization curve ( also called BH curve or hysteresis curve ) of a substance, as a bending to the right of the curve ( see graph at right ).

The Ising model was solved exactly to show that spontaneous magnetization cannot occur in one dimension but is possible in higher dimensional lattices.

More recently, however, different classes of spontaneous magnetization have been identified when there is more than one magnetic ion per primitive cell of the material, leading to a stricter definition of " ferromagnetism " that is often used to distinguish it from ferrimagnetism.

In particular, a material is " ferromagnetic " in this narrower sense only if all of its magnetic ions add a positive contribution to the net magnetization.

If some of the magnetic ions subtract from the net magnetization ( if they are partially anti-aligned ), then the material is " ferrimagnetic ".

If the moments of the aligned and anti-aligned ions balance completely so as to have zero net magnetization, despite the magnetic ordering, then it is an antiferromagnet.

Ferromagnetism involves an additional phenomenon, however: the dipoles tend to align spontaneously, giving rise to a spontaneous magnetization, even when there is no applied field.

This is a dependence of the energy on the direction of magnetization relative to the crystallographic lattice.

This is shown by the Barkhausen effect: as the magnetizing field is changed, the magnetization changes in thousands of tiny discontinuous jumps as the domain walls suddenly " snap " past defects.

This magnetization as a function of the external field is described by a hysteresis curve.

Although this state of aligned domains found in a piece of magnetized ferromagnetic material is not a minimal-energy configuration, it is metastable, and can persist for long periods, as shown by samples of magnetite from the sea floor which have maintained their magnetization for millions of years.

When the temperature rises beyond a certain point, called the Curie temperature, there is a second-order phase transition and the system can no longer maintain a spontaneous magnetization, although it still responds paramagnetically to an external field.

The Curie temperature itself is a critical point, where the magnetic susceptibility is theoretically infinite and, although there is no net magnetization, domain-like spin correlations fluctuate at all length scales.

An MRI scanner is a device in which the patient lies within a large, powerful magnet where the magnetic field is used to align the magnetization of some atomic nuclei in the body, and radio frequency fields to systematically alter the alignment of this magnetization.

After the electromagnetic field is turned off, the spins of the protons return to thermodynamic equilibrium and the bulk magnetization becomes re-aligned with the static magnetic field.

If the field is small, the response of the magnetization in a diamagnet or paramagnet is approximately linear:

where the H-field is related to the B-field and the magnetization by