* 616: Aethelfrith of Northumbria defeats the Welsh in a battle at Chester.

* Aethelfrith of Northumbria unites Deira and Bernicia.

* Aethelfrith of Northumbria defeats the Welsh and their allies at Chester.

* Aethelfrith, king of Northumbria ( killed in battle )

After Edwin's death, Northumbria was split between Bernicia, where Eanfrith, a son of Aethelfrith, took power, and Deira, where a cousin of Edwin, Osric, became king.

nl: Aethelfrith van Northumbria

This monastery was destroyed in about AD 616 when Aethelfrith, the King of Northumbria, defeated the Kingdom of Powys at the Battle of Chester.

Bernicia and Deira were first united as Northumbria by Aethelfrith, a king of Bernicia who conquered Deira around the year 604.

* Aethelfrith meets Rædwald and the army of East Anglia in the Battle of the River Idle, and is slain by Raedwald, which establishes his claim as Bretwalda.

Bernicia and Deira were first united by Aethelfrith, a king of Bernicia who conquered Deira around the year 604.

Bernicia was then briefly ruled by Eanfrith, son of Aethelfrith, but after about a year he went to Cadwallon to sue for peace and was killed.

In 616 AD, the Anglo-Saxon King Aethelfrith met his end in battle against Raedwald King of East Anglia, at Bawtry on the River Idle.

* 642 – Battle of Maserfield – Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Northumbria.

* 1054 – Siward, Earl of Northumbria invades Scotland and defeats Macbeth, King of Scotland somewhere north of the Firth of Forth.

* Oswald of Northumbria defeats Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd in the Battle of Heavenfield and reunites Northumbria.

* Battle of Two Rivers: King Ecgfrith of Northumbria defeats the Picts.

Serious defeats in Ireland and Scotland in the time of Domnall Brecc ( d. 642 ) ended Dál Riata's " golden age ", and the kingdom became a client of Northumbria, then subject to the Picts.

He became engaged in an initially disastrous campaign against Northumbria where following a series of epic defeats he was confined first to Môn and then just to Ynys Glannauc before being forced into exile across the Irish Sea to Dublin-a place which would come to host many royal refugees from Gwynedd.

Kenneth's son Constantine died in 876, probably killed fighting against a Viking army which had come north from Northumbria in 874.

Over the following years, this army overwhelmed the kingdoms of Northumbria and East Anglia.

In revenge, the Conqueror led his army in a bloody raid into Northumbria, an event that became known as the harrying of the North.

Edmund then raised a new army and in conjunction with Earl Uhtred of Northumbria ravaged Eadric Streona's Mercian territories, but when Cnut occupied Northumbria Uhtred submitted to him, only to be killed by Cnut.

In the same year as Æthelred's succession as king, a great Viking army arrived in England, and within five years they had destroyed two of the principal English kingdoms, Northumbria and East Anglia.

Hoping to take advantage of Henry's absence at the siege of Thérouanne, he led an invading army southward into Northumbria, only to be killed, with many of his nobles and common soldiers, at the disastrous Battle of Flodden on 9 September 1513.

Their combined forces overwhelmed the Normans at York and took control of Northumbria, but a small seaborne raid which Edgar led into Lindsey ended in disaster and he escaped with only a handful of followers to rejoin the main army.

Outside the city they defeated a northern English army led by Edwin, Earl of Mercia and his brother Morcar, Earl of Northumbria at the Battle of Fulford on 20 September.

It is doubtful whether the agreement, whatever it may have been, was kept as Eadberht's army was all but wiped out, whether by their supposed allies or recent enemies is unclear, on its way back to Northumbria.

In May 1094, Donald's nephew Duncan ( Donnchad mac Maíl Coluim ), son of Malcolm and his first wife Ingibiorg Finnsdottir, invaded at the head of an army of Anglo-Normans and Northumbrians, aided by his half-brother Edmund and his father-in-law Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria.

It was first captured in November 866 by Ivar the Boneless, leading a large army of Danish Vikings, called the " Great Heathen Army " by Anglo-Saxon chroniclers, which had landed in East Anglia and made their way north, aided by a supply of horses with which King Edmund of East Anglia bought them off and by civil in-fighting between royal candidates in the Anglian Kingdom of Northumbria between the leaders of its two sub-kingdoms ; Bernicia and Deira.

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle contains the earliest written record of Dore, recording that in 827 ( probably actually 829 ) King Egbert of Wessex led his army to the village to receive the submission of King Eanred of Northumbria, thereby establishing his overlordship over the whole of Anglo-Saxon Britain:

All must have seemed lost but Cadwallon raised an enormous army and after a brief time in Guernsey he invaded Dumnonia, relieved the West Welsh who were suffering a Mercian invasion and forced Penda, the pagan King of Mercia, into an alliance against Northumbria.

It was a decisive victory for Gwynedd and the Mercians: Edwin was killed and his army defeated, leading to the temporary collapse of Northumbria.

Cadwallon's army laid waste to Northumbria.

In 655, Æthelhere was one of thirty noble warlords who joined with Penda in an invasion of Northumbria, laying siege to Oswiu and the much smaller Northumbrian army.

However, when Edward's army approached and camped nearby at Badbury Rings, he was unable to gain sufficient support to meet them in battle, and so, leaving behind his wife, he fled to the Danes of Northumbria.

And he ordered another army also from the population of Mercia, the while he sat there to go to Manchester in Northumbria, to repair and to man it.

Leofric and Earl Siward of Northumbria gathered a great army to meet that of Godwin.

In 1095, the Earl of Northumbria, Robert de Mowbray, rose up against William Rufus and Rufus sent an army north to crush the revolt and to capture the castle.

In 616, Æthelfrith of Northumbria defeated a Welsh army at the Battle of Chester and probably established the Anglo-Saxon position in the area from then on.

Malcolm II was finally successful, when, in 1018, he annihilated the Northumbrian army at Carham on the Tweed, and Eadulf the earl of Northumbria ceded all his territory to the north of that river as the price of peace.

Hubba is named as a leader of the army in Northumbria by Abbo of Fleury, and by the Historia de Sancto Cuthberto.