The CTCA program of activities was profuse: William Farnum and Mary Pickford on the screen, Elsie Janis and Harry Lauder on the stage, books provided by the American Library Association, full equipment for games and sports -- except that no `` bones '' were furnished for the all-time favorite pastime played on any floor and known as `` African golf ''.

# REDIRECT African American

* 1864 – American Civil War: The Fort Pillow massacre: Confederate forces kill most of the African American soldiers that surrendered at Fort Pillow, Tennessee.

Harvesting Freedom: African American Agrarianism in Civil War Era South Carolina ( 2007 )

Black sign language is influenced by African American English ( AAE ).

Remaining steadfast to his pedagogy, a forerunner of progressive and democratic schooling, he alienated parents in a later " parlor school " by admitting an African American child to the class, whom he then refused to expel in the face of protests.

It has had particular influence in folk music, and has become an emblematic African American spiritual.

He sings the sixth and fifth verses in that order, and Stowe included another verse not written by Newton that had been passed down orally in African American communities for at least 50 years.

Anthony Heilbut, author of The Gospel Sound, states that the " dangers, toils, and snares " of Newton's words are a " universal testimony " of the African American experience.

In the 1960s with the African American Civil Rights Movement and opposition to the Vietnam War, the song took on a political tone.

* 1968 – James Anderson, Jr. posthumously receives the first Medal of Honor to be awarded to an African American U. S. Marine.

Du Bois ' Black Reconstruction, first published in 1935, historians have noted African American contributions during Reconstruction to founding what were often the first systems of public education and welfare institutions in the South, gave muted praise for Republican efforts to extend suffrage and provide other social institutions, and excoriated Johnson for opposing the extension of basic rights to freedmen.

At the time both South African and South American plants were placed in the same genus ; subsequently they were separated into two different genera.

The key question is whether Linnaeus's type was a South African plant or a South American plant.

* 1910 – Vivien Thomas, African American surgeon ( d. 1985 )

* 1967 – Thurgood Marshall is confirmed as the first African American Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.

African American Vernacular English | AAVE-influenced non-rhotic pronunciations may be African American Vernacular English | found among African Americans throughout the country.

The loss of syllable-final r in North America is confined mostly to the accents of eastern New England, New York City and surrounding areas and the coastal portions of the South, and African American Vernacular English.

African Americans ( also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans, and formerly as American Negroes ) are citizens or residents of the United States who have total or significant partial ancestry from any of the native populations of Sub-Saharan Africa.

* African American archaeology in Sacramento, California pdf

Due to the innovation of a three-stage system for African archaeology by John Hilary Goodman and Clarence van Riet Lowe of South Africa in the early 20th century, translations of " Old ," " Middle ," and " New Stone Age " can no longer be used for Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic.

In African archaeology, which applies only from the Sahara southward, Lower Paleolithic is replaced by " Early Stone Age ," Middle Paleolithic is replaced by " Middle Stone Age " and Upper Paleolithic by " Later Stone Age.

of Archaeology, Society of Africanist Archaeologists in America, Society of Africanist Archaeologists, " Newsletter of African archaeology, Issues 47-50 ", Dept.

* African archaeology

Category: African archaeology

African archaeology ‎, page 81 of 389 pages

Category: African archaeology

Category: African archaeology

As previously with the case of Great Zimbabwe, empirically based African history and archaeology continues to provide evidence that undermines such fanciful and eccentric ideas which serve to deny innovation and ingenuity to African farming communities.

Category: African archaeology

Category: African archaeology

* African archaeology, Archaeology of the Americas, Australian archaeology, European archaeology: focuses on archaeologic study concerning the location of the findings.

Category: African archaeology

Category: African archaeology

Category: African archaeology

Category: African archaeology

In late 1996, Oakland was the center of a controversy surrounding Ebonics ( African American Vernacular English ), an ethnolect the outgoing Oakland Unified School District board voted to recognize on December 18.

The racial makeup of Oakland was 134, 925 ( 34. 5 %) White, 109, 471 ( 28. 0 %) African American, 3, 040 ( 0. 8 %) Native American, 65, 811 ( 16. 8 %) Asian ( 8. 7 % Chinese, 2. 2 % Vietnamese, 1. 6 % Filipino, 0. 7 % Cambodian, 0. 7 % Laotian, 0. 6 % Korean, 0. 5 % Japanese, 0. 5 % Indian ), 2, 222 ( 0. 6 %) Pacific Islander ( 0. 3 % Tongan ), 53, 378 ( 13. 7 %) from other races, and 21, 877 ( 5. 6 %) from two or more races.

Compare this to the racial makeup of Oakland, which was 134, 925 ( 34. 5 %) White, 109, 471 ( 28. 0 %) African American, 3, 040 ( 0. 8 %) Native American, 65, 811 ( 16. 8 %) Asian ( 8. 7 % Chinese, 2. 2 % Vietnamese, 1. 6 % Filipino, 0. 7 % Cambodian, 0. 7 % Laotian, 0. 6 % Korean, 0. 5 % Japanese, 0. 5 % Indian ), 2, 222 ( 0. 6 %) Pacific Islander ( 0. 3 % Tongan ), 53, 378 ( 13. 7 %) from other races, and 21, 877 ( 5. 6 %) from two or more races.

It is now home to mostly Jamaicans, West Indians and African Americans, but it still has a sizeable white, Jewish, and Hispanic population in the Northwest section and in the Inverrary neighborhood, located north of Oakland Park Boulevard and east of University Drive ).

According to the Oakland Zoo in California, East African Hedgehogs are thought to estivate during the dry season.

Since the 1996 controversy over its use by the Oakland School Board, the term Ebonics has primarily been used to refer to African American Vernacular English ( AAVE ), a dialect distinctively different from Standard American English.

File: Geochelone sulcata-Oakland Zoo-feeding-8a. jpg | African Spurred Tortoise from the Oakland Zoo

After political campaign work, including a position as an aide to Congressman Ron Dellums, Medved worked in advertising, and coordinated a campaign to recruit more African Americans and Hispanics to the police departments of the California cities of San Francisco, Oakland and Berkeley.

West Coast cities ( Los Angeles, San Francisco, Oakland, Seattle, Portland ) now attracted African Americans in large numbers.

Pickaninny was used by Oakland Police officers in a denigrating fashion in the 1995 Mario Van Peebles film Panther to describe an African American child who was killed in a car accident.

He was adopted by Carole Wisti and Charles Franti, a Finnish-American couple in Oakland, who had three biological children and two adopted African American sons.

Institutions such as the African American Museum and Library at Oakland and The African American Museum in Cleveland were created by African Americans to teach and investigate cultural history that, until recent decades was primarily preserved trough oral traditions.

In 1992, Principal Ted Simonson attracted media controversy for a series of jokes he made during a roast at the Lions Club in which he referred to female joggers as " jigglers " and described gay-friendly city of San Francisco, California as " Fairyland " and the city of Oakland, California ( with it's large African American population ) as " Jungleland.

These patterns ( based on the 2010 Census ) have changed significantly as more middle class African Americans and Asians have moved into Oakland County, north of the M-102.

" In 1997, an LSA resolution supported the Oakland school-board in its attempt to favor teaching that is sensitive to the distinctive characteristics of African American Vernacular English ( the so-called " Ebonics " debate ).

East Oakland, together with West Oakland and portions of North Oakland, are the heart and soul of Northern California's African American community.

* Lionel Wilson, former mayor of Oakland, first African American mayor of Oakland

In the 1880s and 1890s, a large number of shops and small and medium-sized houses were built to accommodate the large number of European Americans, African Americans, Portuguese, Irish, Mexicans, Japanese, and Chinese immigrants who settled in West Oakland.