The Italian counterpart to the Alpine Line was Italy's Alpine Wall ( Vallo Alpino ), the western portions of which faced the Alpine Line across the Alpine Valleys.

: From Jackson, Klamath, and Lake Counties, Oregon, through Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys and surrounding mountains to Kern County, San Francisco Bay area, and Alpine County.

Aboriginal people inhabited the Alpine Valleys and high country for thousands of years prior to European settlement, and knew its flora, fauna, geography and seasonal changes intimately.

* the Alpine Valleys wine region of Australia

The Alpine National Park is a national park in Victoria ( Australia ), northeast of Melbourne.

As of 12 January 2011 a group of cattlemen was permitted by Parks Victoria to return small numbers of cattle to fenced areas in the Alpine National Park.

* Official Website of Alpine National Park, Parks Victoria

Dedicated Cross Country ski resorts are located at Lake Mountain, Mount Stirling and Mount St Gwinear in Victoria and popular areas for back country skiing and ski touring in the Alpine National Park, Yarra Ranges National Park and the Baw Baw National Park include: Mount Bogong, Mount Feathertop, Bogong High Plains, Mount Howitt, Mount Reynard and Snowy Plains.

Mount Buffalo is a moderately tall mountain plateau ( elev 1723 metres AHD at its highest point ) on the west side of the Victoria Alpine region.

An example of an Alpine weekend was held in Victoria with attendees from South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland.

* Audax Alpine Classic, a bicycle event in Victoria, Australia

The other state to have unincorporated areas is Victoria, which has two small unincorporated areas in Alpine Shire, two in Shire of Mansfield ( all of which are ski resorts ), as well as some offshore islands.

These include Brindabella and Namadgi National Park and Bimberi and Scabby Range Nature Reserves near Canberra, Kosciuszko in New South Wales, and Alpine and Snowy River National Parks and the Avon Wilderness Park in Victoria.

They are protected by large National Parks, in particular the Kosciuszko National Park in New South Wales and the Alpine National Park in Victoria.

* Alpine National Park — Victoria

Mount Baw Baw Alpine Resort is an Unincorporated area of Victoria surrounded by the Shire of Baw Baw.

Mount Bogong, located in the Alpine National Park, is the highest mountain in Victoria, Australia.

He was appointed Government Botanist for Victoria by Governor Charles La Trobe in 1853 ( a post that was newly created for him ), and examined its flora, and especially the Alpine vegetation of Australia, which was previously unknown.

Clean Up the Alps is a project aimed at protecting the Alpine region of Victoria.

Hotham Alpine Resort is an unincorporated area of Victoria surrounded by the locality of Hotham Heights in the Alpine Shire.

* Mount Howitt, mountain in the Alpine National Park, Victoria, Australia.

While Indi is one of the largest electorates in Victoria, much of it is located within the Alpine National Park and is thus uninhabited.

The flat is the site of the lower terminus of the " Skitube Alpine Railway ", a traction rack railway that takes skiers from beside the Alpine Way road ( leading to the adjacent state of Victoria ) below Thredbo, through a steeply inclined railway tunnel, into the Kosciuszko National Park at Perisher Valley and the associated ski resort of Blue Cow Mountain.

The Mount Buller Alpine Resort is an unincorporated area of Victoria ; the larger surrounding locality of Mount Buller is part of the Shire of Mansfield.

While fire is a feature of most Australian ecosystems, some alpine ecosystems, such as Alpine Bogs and Fens, are susceptible due to the sensitivity of the component species.

Alpine Sphagnum Bogs and Associated Fens have now been listed as a threatened ecological community by the Australian Federal government.

* The Australian Alpine Club

The Australian Alps Walking Track traverses its entire length, starting at Walhalla and continuing north towards the Alpine National Park.

The area is covered in a wide variety of alpine and sub-alpine vegetation, most notably including the colourful deciduous Nothofagus gunnii ( Deciduous Beech ), itself an anomaly given that most Australian native flora is evergreen, and Gymnoschoenus sphaerocephalus ( Button Grass ) which dominates the alpine wet sedgelands along side Pineapple Grass and Alpine Coral Fern.

Alpine Ash requires very high rainfall by Australian standards — over 1200mm ( 47 inches ) per year and snow or frosts during the winter months.

Murray Publishers Pty Limited was taken over by Australian Consolidated Press in 1972 and Kosciuszko Alpine Resorts was formed.

The Great Alpine Road leads north from Bairnsdale into the Australian Alps via Swifts Creek and Omeo, and onto the major ski resorts of Dinner Plain and Mount Hotham.

According to the 2006 census conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, 99 percent of Glen Alpine homes were detached housing.

* Alpine House serves small-plate food with impressive wine and cocktail list.

The Alpine region area contains many peaks higher than, known as the " four-thousanders ".

* Official website of the Alpine Space Programme This EU co-funded programme co-finances transnational projects in the Alpine region

Cretin became a medical term in the 18th century, from an Alpine French dialect prevalent in a region where persons with such a condition were especially common ( see below ); it saw wide medical use in the 19th and early 20th centuries, and then spread more widely in popular English as a markedly derogatory term for a person who behaves stupidly.

* 1348 – A strong earthquake strikes the South Alpine region of Friuli in modern Italy, causing considerable damage to buildings as far away as Rome.

The proximity of the mountains – as well as its status as the most populated city of the Alpine region before Innsbruck and Bolzano – has led to the city being known in France as the " Capital of the Alps.

But unlike many other Alpine regions, which have been left to be explored by strangers, this region has been long visited by Swiss travellers and men of sciences.

In the 6th century, the Alpine Slavs, who are reckoned to be ancestors of present-day Slovenes, settled the eastern areas of the Friulia region.

In the 6th century, the Alpine Slavs, who are reckoned to be ancestors of present-day Slovenes, settled the eastern areas of the Friulia region.

The climate of the Alps is the climate, or average weather conditions over a long time, of the exact middle Alpine region of Europe.

Between 35 and 6 BC, the Alpine region was gradually integrated into the expanding Roman Empire.

With the division of the Roman Empire and the collapse of its Western part in the fourth and fifth centuries, power relations in the Alpine region reverted to their local dimensions.

The successive emigration and occupation of the Alpine region by the Alemanni from the 6th to the 8th centuries are, too, known only in outline.

The French historian Fernand Braudel, in his famous volume on Mediterranean civilisation, describes the Alps as “ an exceptional range of mountains from the point of view of resources, collective disciplines, the quality of its human population and the number of good roads .” This remarkable human presence in the Alpine region came into being with the population growth and agrarian expansion of the High Middle Ages.

Inside the Alpine region there was a striking difference between the western and central parts, which were dominated by small farming establishments, and the eastern part, which were characterised by medium or big farms.

For the modern era it is possible to offer a quantitative estimate of the population of the Alpine region.

Like other parts of Europe, the Alpine region was affected by the formation of the nation states that produced tensions between various groups and had consequences for border areas.

During World War I the eastern Alpine region was one of the epicentres of the conflict.

Extinct languages known to have been spoken in the Alpine region include Rhaetic, Lepontic, Ligurian and Langobardic.

As a result of the complicated history of the Alpine region, the native language and the national feelings of the inhabitants do not always correspond to the current international borders.

The higher region of the Alps were long left to the exclusive attention of the inhabitants of the adjoining valleys, even when Alpine travellers ( as distinguished from Alpine climbers ) began to visit these valleys.

* Paleoreconstructions of the Alpine Tethys region, IGCP369 project website