Andronikos I Komnenos ( or Andronicus I Comnenus, ; c. 1118 – September 12, 1185 ) was Byzantine Emperor from 1183 to 1185 ).

la: Andronicus I Comnenus

* 1185 – Isaac II Angelus kills Stephanus Hagiochristophorites and then appeals to the people, resulting in the revolt that deposes Andronicus I Comnenus and places Isaac on the throne of the Byzantine Empire.

* 1182: revolt of the people of Constantinople against the Latins, whom they massacre, proclaiming Andronicus I Comnenus co-emperor.

* 1183: On September 24, Andronicus I Comnenus has his nephew Alexius II Comnenus strangled.

* 1185: Andronicus I Comnenus is deposed and, on September 12, executed as a result of the Norman massacre of the Greeks of Thessalonika.

* Andronicus I Comnenus, emperor

* Andronicus I Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor ( d. 1185 )

* Andronicus I Comnenus becomes Byzantine Emperor.

The end of the Historia coincides with the massacre of the Latins in Constantinople and the chaos that followed the coup of Andronicus I Comnenus, and in his description of those events, William was certainly not immune to the extreme anti-Greek rhetoric that was often found in Western European sources.

* Agnes ( 1171 – after 1204 ), who was betrothed to Alexius II Comnenus ( 1180 – 1183 ) but married ( 1 ) Andronicus I Comnenus ( 1183 – 1185 ); ( 2 ) Theodore Branas ( 1204 )

* Isaac Comnenus ( nephew of Andronicus I Comnenus ) – escaped from prison and fled to Hagia Sophia, where he proceeded to incite a mob.

In 1179, the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Comnenus offered his daughter Maria the Porphyrogenita as a bride to one of the sons of William V. Since Boniface, like his older brother Conrad, was already married, and Frederick was a priest, the youngest brother, Renier, married her instead, only to be murdered along with her during the usurpation of Andronicus.

Emperor Manuel I at once sent his cousin Andronicus Comnenus with an army to recover the territory lost to Thoros.

But Thoros was well prepared for the unsuspecting Greeks and consequently won a decisive victory: as Andronicus Comnenus moved up to besiege Thoros at Mamistra, the Armenians made a sudden sortie and caught him unawares.

Andronicus Comnenus ’ s mission was such an opportunity but it was not an occasion for glory: many of their numbers were killed by Thoros ’ s aggressive strategy, and many more were taken into captivity.

At the end of 1182, the Byzantine governor of Cilicia, Isaac Comnenus, in revolt against the Emperor Andronicus I Comnenus, sought help from Bohemond III against Roupen and admitted his troops into Tarsus.

In 1166 the future emperor Andronicus Comnenus, then only governor of Cilicia, arrived in Antioch, having heard of the beauty of Bohemond's sister Philippa.

Humphrey himself later married Philippa, sister of Bohemund III of Antioch, who had previously had an affair with future Byzantine emperor Andronicus I Comnenus, Manuel's cousin.

We know little more of the life of Andronicus, but he is of special interest in the history of philosophy, from the statement of Plutarch, that he published a new edition of the works of Aristotle and Theophrastus, which formerly belonged to the library of Apellicon, and were brought to Rome by Sulla with the rest of Apellicon's library in 84 BC.

Andronicus or Andronikos is a classical Greek name ( Ανδρόνικος ), from the Gr. words " andras ", ( Gr. άνδρας ), i. e. man and " Nike " ( Gr. Νίκη ), i. e. victory.

Its name is often used as a general term for graphic, amoral horror entertainment, a genre popular from Elizabethan and Jacobean theatre ( for instance Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus and Webster's The White Devil ) to today's splatter films.

Lucrece is also featured in William Shakespeare's 1594 long poem The Rape of Lucrece ; he also mentioned her in Titus Andronicus, As You Like It, and Twelfth Night ( Malvolio authenticates his fateful letter by spotting Olivia's Lucrece seal ).

" The editor of Aristotle's works, Andronicus of Rhodes, is thought to have placed the books on first philosophy right after another work, Physics, and called them ( ta meta ta physika biblia ) or " the books that come after the on physics ".

Joseph Sobran's book, Alias Shakespeare, includes Oxford's known poetry in an appendix with what he considers extensive verbal parallels with the work of Shakespeare, and he argues that Oxford's poetry is comparable in quality to some of Shakespeare's early work, such as Titus Andronicus.

Kenneth Tynan ridiculed Leigh's performance opposite Olivier in the 1955 production of Titus Andronicus, commenting that she " receives the news that she is about to be ravished on her husband's corpse with little more than the mild annoyance of one who would have preferred foam rubber.

In 1423, Despot Andronicus, who was in charge of the city, ceded it to the Republic of Venice with the hope that it could be protected from the Ottomans who were besieging the city ( there is no evidence to support the oft-repeated story that he sold the city to them ).

Titus Andronicus is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, and possibly George Peele, believed to have been written between 1588 and 1593.

Their conflict seems set to boil over into violence until a tribune, Marcus Andronicus, announces that the people's choice for the new emperor is his brother, Titus, who will shortly return to Rome from a victorious ten-year campaign against the Goths.

The story of Titus Andronicus is fictional, not historical, unlike Shakespeare's other Roman plays, Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra and Coriolanus, all of which are based on real historical events and people.

Also favouring a later date, Grace Starry West argues, " the Rome of Titus Andronicus is Rome after Brutus, after Caesar, and after Ovid.

Jonathan Bate speculates that the name Andronicus could have come from Andronikos V Palaiologos, co-emperor of Byzantium from 1403 – 1407, but as it is unknown how Shakespeare could have been familiar with these individuals, and it is thought more likely that he took the name from the story " Andronicus and the lion " in Antonio de Guevara's Epistolas familiares.

Any discussion of the sources of Titus Andronicus is complicated by the existence of two other versions of the story ; a prose history and a ballad ( both of which are anonymous and undated ).

The first definite reference to the ballad, Titus Andronicus ' Complaint, is an entry in the Stationers ' Register by the printer John Danter on 6 February 1594, where the entry " A booke intitled a Noble Roman Historye of Tytus Andronicus " is immediately followed by " Entred also vnto finde that none in all that Authors Works ever receiv'd greater Alterations or Additions, the language not only Refin'd, but many Scenes entirely New: Besides most of the principal Characters heighten'd and the Plot much incresas'd.

All references to Titus Andronicus, unless otherwise specified, are taken from the Oxford Shakespeare ( Waith ), based on the Q1 text of 1594 ( except 3. 2, which is based on the folio text of 1623 ).

* The first Latin tragedy by Livius Andronicus, Achilles, is first produced.

Andronicus, who had surrendered to his father, was imprisoned and blinded at Murad's insistence.

His son and successor Andronicus II repudiated the union, and Bekkos was forced to abdicate, being eventually exiled and imprisoned until his death in 1297.

The arrangement which Andronicus made of Aristotle's writings seems to be the one which forms the basis of our present editions and we are probably indebted to him for the preservation of a large number of Aristotle's works.

She joined Olivier for a European tour with Titus Andronicus, but the tour was marred by Leigh's frequent outbursts against Olivier and other members of the company.

Saturninus then denounces the Andronicus family for their effrontery and shocks Titus by marrying Tamora.

However, putting into motion her plan for revenge, Tamora advises Saturninus to pardon Bassianus and the Andronicus family, which he reluctantly does.

" A Margin for Error: Rhetorical Context in Titus Andronicus ", Style, 21: 2 ( Summer, 1987 ), 62 – 75

In addition, we have to thank him for such copious quotations from the Greek commentaries from the time of Andronicus of Rhodes down to Ammonius and Damascius, that, for the Categories and the Physics, the outlines of a history of the interpretation and criticism of those books may be composed.

There is no reason for assigning this work to some other author because it is not noticed in Hermippus and Andronicus, especially as Nicolaus of Damascus had already mentioned it.

At an early age he settled at Constantinople, where his reputation for learning brought him under the notice of Andronicus II Palaeologus, by whom he was appointed chartophylax ( keeper of the archives ).

Gregoras remained loyal to the elder Andronicus to the last, but after his death he succeeded in gaining the favour of his grandson, by whom he was appointed to conduct the unsuccessful negotiations ( for a union of the Greek and Latin churches ) with the ambassadors of Pope John XXII ( 1333 ).

Amongst them may be mentioned a history of the dispute with Palamas ; biographies of his uncle and early instructor John, metropolitan of Heraclea, and of the martyr Codratus of Antioch ; funeral orations for Theodore Metochites, and the two emperors Andronicus ; commentaries on the wanderings of Odysseus and on Synesius's treatise on dreams ; tracts ‘ on orthography and on words of doubtful meaning ; a philosophical dialogue called Phlorentius or Concerning Wisdom ; astronomical treatises on the date of Easter, on the preparation of the astrolabe and on the predictive calculation of solar eclipses ; and an extensive correspondence.

His tenure of the bishopric was troubled not only by domestic bereavements ( his three sons died, the first two in 411 and the third in 413 ) but also by the barbarian invasions of the country ( in repelling which he proved himself a capable military organizer ) and by conflicts with the praeses Andronicus, whom he excommunicated for interfering with the Church's right of asylum.

In Andronicus, or the Unfortunate Politician ( 1646 ), partly authentic and partly fictitious, he satirized the leaders of the Revolution ; and for the comfort of sufferers by the war he issued ( 1647 ) a second devotional manual, entitled Good Thoughts in Worse Times, abounding in fervent aspirations, and drawing moral lessons in beautiful language out of the events of his life or the circumstances of the time.

His studies in this language had been continued at Basel under Andronicus Contoblacas, and here he formed the acquaintance of the bookseller, Johann Amerbach, for whom he prepared a Latin lexicon ( Vocabularius Breviloquus, 1st ed, 1475 – 76 ), which ran through many editions.

The location was also used as the headquarters of Mayflower Industries in the 1991 movie Hudson Hawk and served as a backdrop for scenes from the 1999 film adaptation of Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus.

To this accomplishment he probably owed his selection as one of the ambassadors sent by emperor Andronicus II in 1327 to remonstrate with the Venetians for their attack upon the Genoese settlement in Pera near Constantinople.

This reading would seem to suggest that Iago, much like Don John in Much Ado About Nothing or Aaron in Titus Andronicus, wreaks havoc on the other characters ' lives for no ulterior purpose.

A minority of Elizabethan plays, however, call for larger assemblies of actors on the higher second level — as with the Roman Senators looking down upon Titus in the opening scene of Titus Andronicus.

Andronicus II Palaeologus, for example, used the money raised by the pronoiars to finance military expeditions against the Bulgarians, but he did not require them to provide military service themselves.

Performance dates and publication dates are also problematic insofar as many of the plays were performed several years before they were published ( for example, Titus Andronicus was performed in 1592, but not published until 1594 ; Henry VI, Part 3 was performed in 1592 but not published until 1595 ).

Honigmann for example, dissents from the most common dating of the plays with his " early start theory " by pushing back the beginning of Shakespeare's career four or five years beginning with the composition of Titus Andronicus in 1586 instead of following Chambers.