However, during the schism between Pope Alexander III and Antipope Victor IV, Absalon stayed loyal to Valdemar even as he joined the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barberossa in supporting Victor IV.

However, the dispute between Alexander III, Antipope Victor IV and his successors Antipope Paschal III and Antipope Calixtus III ( who had the German imperial support ) continued until Frederick Barbarossa's defeat at the Legnano in 1176, after which Barbarossa finally ( in the Peace of Venice of 1177 ) recognized Alexander III as pope.

Nevertheless, soon after the close of the synod, the Roman Republic forced Alexander III to leave the city, which he never re-entered, and on 29 September 1179, some nobles set up the Antipope Innocent III.

In 1409 he took part in the Council of Pisa, and was one of the supporters of Antipope Alexander V. Later he confirmed his allegiance to another antipope, John XXIII, by whom his family obtained several privileges, while Oddone obtained for himself the vicariate of Todi, Orvieto, Perugia and Umbria.

The Council then set aside Antipope John XXIII ( 1410 – 15 ), the successor of Alexander V. After the former follower of Benedict XIII appeared, the council declared him deposed ; and the Great Schism was ended.

They elected Antipope Alexander V, only worsening the situation, because he was not acknowledged by his two rivals and from 1409 to 1417, when there were three popes.

* Peter of Candia also known as Antipope Alexander V, philosopher and scholar.

* Antipope Alexander V ( c. 1339 – May 3, 1410 )

# The Antipope ( 1981 )-Pooley and Omally take on the resurrected Pope Alexander VI the last Borgia pope.

He adhered to the pope elected by the council of Pisa ( Alexander V ) and to his successor, Antipope Pope John XXIII resuming his place at the Curia.

Antipope Alexander V excommunicated him, calling Louis II of Anjou to Italy to conquer Naples ; the count of Provence arrived in Italy in late July 1409 with 1, 500 cavalry and was invested with the Neapolitan crown.

# REDIRECT Antipope Alexander V

24 cardinals participated in the election of Antipope Alexander V, including 14 cardinals of the obedience of Rome and 10 of the obedience of Avignon.

A cleric, he was appointed to the Imperial chancellorship for Italy by the Empress Agnes in 1058, which position he held until 1063 .< ref > Carlo Dolcini, " Clement III, antipapa ", Enciclopedia dei Papi, Rome, 2000: < http :// www. treccani. it / enciclopedia / clemente-iii_ % 28Enciclopedia_dei_Papi % 29 />; Charles A. Coulombe, Vicars of Christ: A History of the Popes, ( Kensington Publishing Corp., 2003 ), 218 .</ ref > In 1058 he participated in the election of Pope Nicholas II but on his death in 1061, he sided with the philo-imperial party to elect Cadalous of Parma as Antipope Honorius II against Pope Alexander II.

He was a staunch supporter both of Pope Alexander III, and of Milan and its neighbours in Lombardy, in their joint and parallel struggles against the Antipope Victor IV, supported by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa.

Pope Alexander III was the Roman candidate, while Antipope Victor IV was supported by Frederick Barbarossa and his Cardinals.

* Antipope Alexander V ( 1409 – 1410 ) ( Considered to be an Antipope ; however, the next Pope Alexander took the name Alexander VI due to confusion over Alexander V's status at the time.

This Felix was later confused with a Roman martyr named Felix, with the result that he was included in lists of the Popes as Felix II and that the succeeding Popes of the same name ( Pope Felix III and Pope Felix IV ) were given wrong numerals, as was Antipope Felix V.

In 1440 Aleman obtained the support of the emperor Sigismund and of the duke of Milan to his views, and proclaiming the deposition of Pope Eugene IV, placed the tiara upon the head of Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy ( henceforward known as Antipope Felix V ).

* 1328 – Antipope Nicholas V, a claimant to the papacy, is consecrated in Rome by the Bishop of Venice.

In 1418 a synod convoked by the Jews in Forlì sent a deputation with costly gifts to Martin V asking that he abolish the oppressive laws promulgated by Antipope Benedict XIII and that he grant the Jews those privileges which had been accorded them under previous Popes.

He supported the creation of the Antipope Felix V ( Amadeus, Duke of Savoy ) and participated in his coronation.

During the western schism he supported Antipope Benedict XIII, and was the driving force behind Antipope Clement VIII's submission to Pope Martin V in 1429.

All real power now devolved onto Theophylact, and Sergius essentially became his puppet, and perhaps the first clear sign of this shift in power was the fate of Sergius ’ two predecessors, Pope Leo V and the Antipope Christopher.

* October 16 – Antipope Nicholas V

Louis IV invaded Italy, entered Rome and set up Pietro Rainalducci as Antipope Nicholas V in 1328.

He then installed a Spiritual Franciscan, Pietro Rainalducci as Antipope Nicholas V, but both fled Rome in August 1328, after Robert, King of Naples had sent both a fleet and an army against them.

* April 7 – The last Antipope, Felix V, abdicates.

* April – Antipope Nicholas V is excommunicated by Pope John XXII.

* Otto III retakes the city of Rome and reinstates his cousin, Pope Gregory V, after mutilating and blinding his rival, Antipope John XVI.

In the following year he secured a still greater tactical triumph with the resignation of the Antipope Felix V on 7 April ) and his own recognition by the rump of the Council of Basel that assembled at Lausanne.

: Antipope Nicholas V should not be confused with Pope Nicholas V.

This custom also affected the name taken by Antipope Felix V, who would have been the fourth Pope Felix.

* Amedeo VIII, later known as Antipope Felix V, married Mary of Burgundy ( 1380 – 1422 ), daughter of Philip the Bold

He was born at Geneva the son of Antipope Felix V and Mary of Burgundy ; he was the first to hold the title of Prince of Piedmont.

Antipope John XVI ( ca.

In 355 Constantius became the sole Emperor and extended his pro-Arian policy toward the western provinces, frequently using force to push through his creed, even exiling Pope Liberius and installing Antipope Felix II.

* Anastasius Bibliothecarius ( c. 810 – 878 ) – librarian of the Church of Rome, scholar and statesman, sometimes identified as an Antipope

He was one of the seven cardinals who, in May 1408, deserted Pope Gregory XII, and, with those following Antipope Benedict XIII from Avignon, convened the Council of Pisa, of which Cossa became the leader.

Tomb of Antipope John XXIII.

Antipope Felix II was installed as Pope in 355 after the Emperor Constantius II banished the reigning Pope, Liberius, for refusing to subscribe the sentence of condemnation against Saint Athanasius.

When Frederick IV of Habsburg sided with Antipope John XXIII at the Council of Constance, Emperor Sigismund placed him under the Imperial ban.

He named his own pope Antipope Clement III in the old manner of the Holy Roman Emperors.

The last words he uttered were, ‘ I have loved justice and hated iniquity, and therefore I die in exile .” Gregory VII must have felt he died in utter failure, and to many of his contemporaries it appeared Henry IV and Antipope Clement III had won.

Antipope Clement III still occupied St. Peter ’ s.

Henry IV ’ s insistence that Antipope Clement III was the real pope had initially been popular with some of the nobles, and even many of the bishops of Germany.

Riots broke out in Germany, a new Antipope Gregory VIII was appointed by the German king, nobles loyal to Rome seceded from Henry.

The validity of the dating methodology has subsequently been called into question, and the age of the shroud is still the subject of much debate despite the existence of a 1389 Memorandum by Bishop Pierre D ' Arcis to the Avignon Antipope Clement VII mentioning that the image had previously been denounced by his predecessor Henri de Poitiers ( Bishop of Troyes 1353-1370 ), stating " Eventually, after diligent inquiry and examination, he discovered how the said cloth had been cunningly painted, the truth being attested by the artist who had painted it, to wit, that it was a work of human skill and not miraculously wrought or bestowed.

* 1416 – The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund, a supporter of Antipope John XXIII, burns Jerome of Prague following a trial for heresy.

Henry's control of Rome enabled him to have his choice of pope, Antipope Clement III, consecrated and in turn for this pope to crown Henry as emperor.

* 1105 – Maginulfo is elected the Antipope as Sylvester IV.

* 502 – The Synodus Palmaris, called by Gothic king Theodoric the Great, discharges Pope Symmachus of all charges, thus ending the schism of Antipope Laurentius.