He named his own pope Antipope Clement III in the old manner of the Holy Roman Emperors.

Henry had invested the Ravenna bishop, and now he referred to the new pope, Clement III, Antipope Clement III as “ our pope ”.

The last words he uttered were, ‘ I have loved justice and hated iniquity, and therefore I die in exile .” Gregory VII must have felt he died in utter failure, and to many of his contemporaries it appeared Henry IV and Antipope Clement III had won.

Henry IV ’ s insistence that Antipope Clement III was the real pope had initially been popular with some of the nobles, and even many of the bishops of Germany.

The validity of the dating methodology has subsequently been called into question, and the age of the shroud is still the subject of much debate despite the existence of a 1389 Memorandum by Bishop Pierre D ' Arcis to the Avignon Antipope Clement VII mentioning that the image had previously been denounced by his predecessor Henri de Poitiers ( Bishop of Troyes 1353-1370 ), stating " Eventually, after diligent inquiry and examination, he discovered how the said cloth had been cunningly painted, the truth being attested by the artist who had painted it, to wit, that it was a work of human skill and not miraculously wrought or bestowed.

Henry's control of Rome enabled him to have his choice of pope, Antipope Clement III, consecrated and in turn for this pope to crown Henry as emperor.

: Not to be confused with Antipope Clement VIII.

During the western schism he supported Antipope Benedict XIII, and was the driving force behind Antipope Clement VIII's submission to Pope Martin V in 1429.

Under pressure from Prince Jordan I of Capua, to whom he had also rendered important service, he was elected on 24 May 1086, taking the throne name of Victor III, but his consecration did not take place until 9 May 1087 owing to the presence of the Antipope Clement III in Rome.

After celebrating Easter of 1087 in his monastery, Victor proceeded to Rome, and when the Normans had driven the soldiers of the Antipope Clement III ( Guibert of Ravenna ) out of St. Peter's, he was consecrated and enthroned on 9 May 1087.

However, he resumed the practice of lay investiture ( appointment of religious officials by civil authorities ) and arranged the election of an antipope ( Antipope Clement III ) in 1080.

* Clement III, Antipope

* Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor is crowned Emperor by Antipope Clement III.

* January 8 – Antipope Clement III

He twice excommunicated Henry, who in the end appointed Antipope Clement III to oppose him in the political power struggles between the Catholic Church and his empire.

* France, Aragon, Castile and León, Cyprus, Burgundy, Savoy, Naples and Scotland choose to recognise Antipope Clement VII.

* Due to Joan I of Naples ' support for Antipope Clement VII, Pope Urban VI bestows Naples upon Charles of Durazzo.

* December 28 – Antipope Clement VIII

In the 14th century Tivoli sided with the Guelphs and strongly supported Urban VI against Antipope Clement VII.

Ladislaus refused this claim and he probably accepted the legitimacy of Antipope Clement III, who had been elected by the followers of the Holy Roman Emperor.

Louis's expedition counted to some 40, 000 troops, including those of Amadeus VI of Savoy, and had the financial support of Antipope Clement VII and Bernabò Visconti of Milan.

Henry IV then proclaimed Antipope Clement III to be pope.

However, during the schism between Pope Alexander III and Antipope Victor IV, Absalon stayed loyal to Valdemar even as he joined the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barberossa in supporting Victor IV.

This Felix was later confused with a Roman martyr named Felix, with the result that he was included in lists of the Popes as Felix II and that the succeeding Popes of the same name ( Pope Felix III and Pope Felix IV ) were given wrong numerals, as was Antipope Felix V.

However, the dispute between Alexander III, Antipope Victor IV and his successors Antipope Paschal III and Antipope Calixtus III ( who had the German imperial support ) continued until Frederick Barbarossa's defeat at the Legnano in 1176, after which Barbarossa finally ( in the Peace of Venice of 1177 ) recognized Alexander III as pope.

Nevertheless, soon after the close of the synod, the Roman Republic forced Alexander III to leave the city, which he never re-entered, and on 29 September 1179, some nobles set up the Antipope Innocent III.

Between Leo IV and Benedict III, where Martinus Polonus places her, she cannot be inserted, because Leo IV died 17 July 855, and immediately after his death Benedict III was elected by the clergy and people of Rome ; but, owing to the setting up of an Antipope, in the person of the deposed Cardinal Anastasius, he was not consecrated until 29 September.

In the following year he secured a still greater tactical triumph with the resignation of the Antipope Felix V on 7 April ) and his own recognition by the rump of the Council of Basel that assembled at Lausanne.

Antipope Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy, made the profession drawn up by the Council of Basel ; but as none of the recognized Popes ever made it, there is no justification for calling it a papal oath, still less for referring to it as " the Papal Oath ".

At the end of an exile of more than two years in Thrace, the emperor recalled him, but, as the Roman See was officially occupied by Antipope Felix II, a year passed before Liberius was sent to Rome.

Pope Saint Felix III ( though as Antipope Felix the " II " was not actually pope, he could also be called " Pope St. Felix II ") was pope from 13 March 483 to 3 January 492.

St. Jerome tells us that his credit with Constantius II was so great during all these years that when Pope Liberius was deposed and driven into exile in 357, Acacius was able to secure Antipope Felix in his place.

In 355 Constantius became the sole Emperor and extended his pro-Arian policy toward the western provinces, frequently using force to push through his creed, even exiling Pope Liberius and installing Antipope Felix II.

* Antipope Alexander V ( ca.

* Anastasius Bibliothecarius ( c. 810 – 878 ) – librarian of the Church of Rome, scholar and statesman, sometimes identified as an Antipope

He was one of the seven cardinals who, in May 1408, deserted Pope Gregory XII, and, with those following Antipope Benedict XIII from Avignon, convened the Council of Pisa, of which Cossa became the leader.

Tomb of Antipope John XXIII.

Antipope Felix II was installed as Pope in 355 after the Emperor Constantius II banished the reigning Pope, Liberius, for refusing to subscribe the sentence of condemnation against Saint Athanasius.

When Frederick IV of Habsburg sided with Antipope John XXIII at the Council of Constance, Emperor Sigismund placed him under the Imperial ban.

Riots broke out in Germany, a new Antipope Gregory VIII was appointed by the German king, nobles loyal to Rome seceded from Henry.

* 1328 – Antipope Nicholas V, a claimant to the papacy, is consecrated in Rome by the Bishop of Venice.

* 1416 – The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund, a supporter of Antipope John XXIII, burns Jerome of Prague following a trial for heresy.

* 1105 – Maginulfo is elected the Antipope as Sylvester IV.

* 502 – The Synodus Palmaris, called by Gothic king Theodoric the Great, discharges Pope Symmachus of all charges, thus ending the schism of Antipope Laurentius.