The exponential map and the Lie algebra determine the local group structure of every connected Lie group, because of the Baker – Campbell – Hausdorff formula: there exists a neighborhood U of the zero element of, such that for u, v in U we have

The leading Supreme Court case in the area of political question doctrine is Baker v. Carr ( 1962 ).

* Colegrove v. Green, – Apportionment of Congressional districts is a political question by Baker v. Carr ;

When the Supreme Court revisited some of the territory covered by Luther v. Borden in cases like Baker v. Carr,, the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause was the basis of its changed decisions.

* 1962: Baker v. Carr

** Baker v. Carr: The U. S. Supreme Court rules that federal courts can order state legislatures to reapportion seats.

Baker v. Vermont, 744 A. 2d 864 ( Vt. 1999 ), was a lawsuit decided by Vermont Supreme Court on December 20, 1999.

* Baker v. Vermont, 744 A. 2d 864 ( full text )

The convention was influential in the following administrative Law decision of Baker v. Canada ( Minister of Citizenship and Immigration ).

Prior to United States Supreme Court decisions Reynolds v. Sims and Baker v. Carr in the 1960s, the basis of representation in most state legislatures was modeled on that of the U. S. Congress: the members of the smaller chamber represented geography and members of the larger chamber represented population.

The " one man, one vote " cases ( Baker v. Carr and Reynolds v. Sims ) of 1962 – 1964 had the effect of ending the over-representation of rural areas in state legislatures, as well as the under-representation of suburbs.

In one early incident, gay activist Jack Baker brought suit against the state of Minnesota in 1970 after being denied a marriage license to marry another man, and in Baker v. Nelson the Minnesota Supreme Court ruled that limiting marriage to opposite-sex couples did not violate the United States Constitution.

In 1975, Pt Baker made national news when Zieske v Butz, a landmark lawsuit against the US Forest Service brought by residents Charles Zieske, Alan Stein, and Herb Zieske, was decided by Judge Van der Heydt, the Alaska Federal District court judge.

Among the cases he was involved with were Baker v. Carr, which set the constitutional standards for reapportionment ; Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States, which set a precedent by recognizing the Constitution's authorization for federal laws requiring desegregation of public accommodations for African-Americans ; and South Carolina v. Katzenbach, which upheld the Voting Rights Act.

Because the case, Baker v. Nelson, came to the Court through mandatory appellate review ( not certiorari ), the summary dismissal established Baker v. Nelson as a binding precedent.

In the American `` hardboiled '' detective story of the '20s and '30s, the spirit of the mad genius from Baker Street lives on.

So when textbooks, like that of Baker set out drawings of the ' Ptolemaic System ', complete with earth in the center and the seven heavenly bodies epicyclically arranged on their several deferents, we have nothing but a misleading 20th-century idea of what never existed historically.

But he was happy to tell her that his finances were now in such condition that he could go back to Harvard for a third year with Professor Baker.

That fall he submitted to Professor Baker the first acts and outlines of the following acts of several plays, six of them, according to some of his associates, and he also worked on a play that he first called Niggertown, the material for which he had collected during the summer at home.

In describing it to Professor Baker after it had been chosen for production, he defended his great array of characters by declaring that he had included that many not because `` I didn't know how to save paint '', but because the play required them.

Instead, he went down to New York and submitted Welcome To Our City to the Theatre Guild, which had asked him to let them have a look at it after Professor Baker had recommended it highly.

Wood took the proposal to Chief of Staff Hugh L. Scott, who passed it on to Baker a month before the actual declaration of war against Germany.

Baker took the plan to Wilson who said: `` Baker, this is plainly right on any ground.

Before the Draft Act was passed Baker had confidentially briefed governors, sheriffs, and prospective draft board members on the administration of the measure -- and the confidence was kept so well that only one newspaper learned what was going on.

It was Baker, working through Provost Marshal Enoch Crowder and Major Hugh S. ( `` Old Ironpants '' ) Johnson, who arranged for a secret printing by the million of selective service blanks -- again before the Act was passed -- until corridors in the Government Printing Office were full and the basement of the Washington Post Office was stacked to the ceiling.

it was Baker who thought of lessening the shock, which conscription always brings to a country, by substituting `` Greetings from your neighbors '' for the recruiting sergeant, and registration in familiar voting places rather than at military installations.

The day passed without incident in spite of the warning of Senator James A. Reed of Missouri: `` Baker, you will have the streets of our American cities running with blood on registration day ''.

Secretary of War Baker, blindfolded, put his hand into a large glass bowl and drew the initial number of those to be called.

Both Secretary of War Baker and Secretary of Navy Daniels devoted much time and effort to the problem of providing reasonably normal and wholesome activities in camp for the millions of men who had been removed from their home environment.

His assignment was not a new one because Baker had sent him to the Mexican border in 1916 to investigate lurid newspaper stories about lack of discipline, drunkenness, and venereal disease in American military camps.

Baker put the `` cribs '' and the saloons out of bounds, ordered the co-operation of military officers with local law authorities, and told communities that the troops would be moved unless wholesome conditions were restored.

Both Baker and Fosdick knew that a substitute was necessary, that a verboten approach was not the real answer.

When the United States entered the First World War Baker made certain that the Draft Act of 1917 prohibited the sale of liquor to men in uniform and that it provided for broad zones around the camps in which prostitution was outlawed.

When Fosdick showed the letter to Baker his negative response was: `` For God's sake, Raymond, don't show this to the President or he'll stop the war ''.

Affirmatively Baker worked on the premise that `` young men spontaneously prefer to be decent, and that opportunities for wholesome recreation are the best possible cure for irregularities in conduct which arise from idleness and the baser temptations ''.

Daniel Baker deluged his `` Unckle Quyne '' with requests to pay money for him to drapers in Watling Street and at the Two Cats in Canning Street.

Baker wrote: `` I tooke order with Sr. E. Grevile for the payment of Ceartaine monei beefore his going towardes London.

Baker added: `` I pray you delivre these inclosed Letters And Comend mee to Mr. Rychard Mytton whoe I know will ffreind mee for the payment of this monei ''.

There were umbrella tents, wall tents, cottage tents, station wagon tents, pup tents, Pop tents, Baker tents, tents with exterior frames, camper trailers, travel trailers, and even a few surplus parachutes serving as sunshades over entire family camps.

* Baker v. Carr

Baker v. Carr,, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that retreated from the Court's political question doctrine, deciding that redistricting ( attempts to change the way voting districts are delineated ) issues present justiciable questions, thus enabling federal courts to intervene in and to decide reapportionment cases.

The decision of Baker v. Carr was one of the most wrenching in the Court's history.

Baker v. Carr and subsequent cases fundamentally altered the nature of political representation in America, requiring not just Tennessee but nearly every state to redistrict during the 1960s, often several times.

After he left the Court, Chief Justice Earl Warren called the Baker v. Carr line of cases the most important in his tenure as Chief Justice.

* Baker v. Carr Case Brief at Lawnix. com

In the apportionment case of Baker v. Carr, Frankfurter's position was that the federal courts did not have the right to tell sovereign state governments how to apportion their legislatures ; he thought the Supreme Court should not get involved in political questions, whether federal or local.

He authored several landmark case opinions, including Baker v. Carr, establishing the " one person, one vote " principle, and New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, which required " actual malice " in a libel suit against those deemed " public figures ".

Brennan's opinions with respect to voting ( Baker v. Carr ), criminal proceedings ( Malloy v. Hogan ), the free speech and establishment clauses of the First Amendment ( Roth v. United States ), and civil rights ( Green v. School Board of New Kent County ) were some of the most important opinions of the Warren Era.

When Eleanor died in 1956, Walter married Katherine Howe Baker Carr, who died in 1989.

In 1959, Memphis resident Charles Baker sued the legislature in hopes of forcing it to redraw the districts, culminating in the landmark U. S. Supreme Court case Baker v. Carr.

The first case in this line of rulings was Baker v. Carr.

After agonizing deeply for months over his vote in Baker v. Carr, an important reapportionment case, Whittaker suffered a nervous breakdown in the spring of 1962.

Having already overturned its ruling that redistricting was a purely political question in Baker v. Carr, 369 U. S. 186 ( 1962 ), the Court went further in order to correct what seemed to it to be egregious examples of malapportionment which were serious enough to undermine the premises underlying republican government.

Despite U. S. courts having traditionally declined to rule on such issues, the US Supreme Court opted to hear this case and ruled that the legislature had to comply with the state constitution, as its failure to do so was in violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution ( see Baker v. Carr ).