* Bornholm disease

Bornholm disease or epidemic pleurodynia or epidemic myalgia is a disease caused by the Coxsackie B virus or other viruses.

In 1933, Ejnar Sylvest gave a doctoral thesis describing a Danish outbreak of this disease on Bornholm Island entitled, " Bornholm disease-myalgia epidemica ", and this name has persisted.

The coxsackieviruses subsequently were found to cause a variety of infections, including epidemic pleurodynia ( Bornholm disease ), and were subdivided into groups A and B based on their pathology in newborn mice.

This presentation is known as pleurodynia or Bornholm disease in many areas.

# REDIRECT Bornholm disease

# REDIRECT Bornholm disease

* Bornholm disease is enteroviral in origin.

Bornholm Regional Municipality was not merged with other municipalities on 1 January 2007 as the result of the nationwide Kommunalreformen (" The Municipal Reform " of 2007 ), which is quite understandable, since the island, as can be seen on maps, is quite far from the rest of Denmark.

Various authors have suggested that comparable Mediaeval buildings can be found in Europe ; in particular the Orphir Round Church on Orkney built in Scotland around 1115 and the round churches on the Danish island of Bornholm such as Østerlars Church dating from around 1160.

Although many of his works feature gothic elements, the first one which is considered to belong purely in the „ gothic fiction “ label is Ostrov Borngolm ( Island of Bornholm ) from 1793.

This important building was the centre of administration in Rønne and Borholm for many years, and was housed the courthouse and jail of Bornholm.

In 1794 Karamzin abandoned his literary journal and published a miscellany in two volumes entitled Aglaia, in which appeared, among other stories, The Island of Bornholm and Ilya Muromets, the latter a story based on the adventures of the well-known hero of many a Russian legend.

In 1817 he published his first prose work, De Underjordiske, et bornholmsk Eventyr ( The Subterranean Ones, a Story of Bornholm ), which was followed in 1820 by Eventyr og Fortœllinger ( Narratives and Miraculous Tales ), many of them imitations of Hoffmann.

There are also air connections from the Bornholm Airport to Copenhagen and other locations.

This flag, called the Dannebrog, inspired the cross design of the other Nordic countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, and regional Scandinavian flags for the Faroe Islands, Åland, Scania and Bornholm, as well as flags for the non-Scandinavian Shetland and Orkney.

The Treaty of Copenhagen restored Bornholm to Denmark and Trøndelag to Norway in 1660, while the other provinces transferred in Roskilde remained with Sweden.

Charles X of Sweden would not accept any other outcome than Sweden's receipt of Akershus county, in exchange for the return of Trøndelag and Bornholm to Denmark-Norway ; Frederick III of Denmark on the other hand refused to abide by the terms of the Treaty of Roskilde, instead wanting to revert to the conditions of the Second Treaty of Brömsebro ( 1645 ).

The two other provinces of the Scanian lands, Blekinge and Bornholm, were, on the other hand, under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Dalby.

Bluetongue disease or catarrhal fever is a non-contagious, insect-borne, viral disease of ruminants, mainly sheep and less frequently cattle, goats, buffalo, deer, dromedaries and antelope.

A second clade includes the alpha-and delta-like viral Pol from insect ascovirus ( Ascoviridae ), mammalian herpesviruses ( Herpesviridae ), fish lymphocystis disease virus ( Iridoviridae ) and chlorella virus ( Phycoviridae ).

In addition, there is always the fear that the viral vector, once inside the patient, may recover its ability to cause disease.

Biological vectors are often responsible for serious blood-borne diseases, such as malaria, viral encephalitis, Chagas disease, Lyme disease and African sleeping sickness.

* Infectious salmon anemia, a viral disease of salmon

Clinical cases of the disease had been known for over a decade but had not been connected with a viral pathogen.

* infectious and postinfectious syndromes, including infections causing delirium, viral encephalitis, HIV, malaria, Lyme disease, syphilis

Poliomyelitis ( pōlee-ō-mī-ə-lītiss ), often called polio or infantile paralysis, is an acute, viral, infectious disease spread from person to person, primarily via the fecal-oral route.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ( PML ), also known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis, is a rare and usually fatal viral disease characterized by progressive damage (- pathy ) or inflammation of the white matter ( leuko -) of the brain (- encephalo -) at multiple locations ( multifocal ).

In some cases, the disease is presumed to be caused by viral infections such as cytomegalovirus ( CMV ) and has also been associated with spinal cord injuries, immune reactions, schistosomiasis and insufficient blood flow through spinal cord vessels.

The study of the manner in which viruses cause disease is viral pathogenesis.

Every lethal viral disease presents a paradox: killing its host is obviously of no benefit to the virus, so how and why did it evolve to do so?

Yellow fever ( also known as Yellow Jack and Bronze John ) is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease.

* A new viral disease, AIDS, arose in Africa and subsequently killed millions of people throughout the world.

Not all animal species which are susceptible to WNV infection – humans included, and not all bird species develop sufficient viral levels to transmit the disease to uninfected mosquitoes, and are thus not considered major factors in WNV transmission.

" WNV is now the most common cause of epidemic viral encephalitis in the United States, and it will likely remain an important cause of neurological disease for the foreseeable future.

Vertical transmission ; the transmission of a viral or bacterial disease from the female of the species to her offspring, has been observed in various West Nile virus studies, amongst different species of mosquitoes in both the laboratory and in nature.

Possible causes include brain infection ( viral encephalitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, Whipple's disease ) or inflammation ( limbic encephalitis, Hashimoto's encephalopathy, cerebral vasculitis ); tumors such as lymphoma or glioma ; drug toxicity ( e. g. anticonvulsant drugs ); metabolic causes such as liver failure or kidney failure ; and chronic subdural hematoma.

Higher viral load in the blood and involvement of other organs ( such as the bone marrow and the liver ) are associated with more severe disease.

Nucleic acid vaccines are still experimental, and have been applied to a number of viral, bacterial and parasitic models of disease, as well as to several tumour models.

Since this autoimmune disease appears suddenly, often quite late in life, viral or bacterial infection may trigger antibodies that cross-react with the human TSH receptor ( a phenomenon known as antigenic mimicry, also seen in some cases of type 1 diabetes ).

The likelihood of the effectiveness of the treatment was found to decrease with increasing duration of the disease, probably because viral suppression does not reverse damage.

Similar to other rodents, brown rats may carry a number of pathogens, which can result in disease, including Weil's disease, rat bite fever, cryptosporidiosis, viral hemorrhagic fever, Q fever and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.