Castrato –

* Castrato, a castrated male singer

* Castrato Giovanni Carestini goes to work for Maria Theresa of Austria.

* Castrato Gaspare Pacchierotti makes his debut at the Perugia carnival, in a female role.

* 1996-( tie ) John Spencer Hill, The Last Castrato and D. H. Toole, Moonlit Days and Nights

Castrato voices were succeeded by boys ' voices.

* 1927 – Pope Benedict XVI

* 1919 – Benedict Kiely, Irish author ( d. 2007 )

* 2005 – Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger is inaugurated as the 265th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church taking the name Pope Benedict XVI.

* 1342 – Pope Benedict XII ( b. 1285 )

Benedict of Nursia () ( c. 480 – 543 ) is a Christian saint, honored by the Roman Catholic Church as the patron saint of Europe and students.

Saint Benedict of Nursia ( c. 480 – 543 ), detail from a fresco by Fra Angelico, Saint Mark's Basilica | San Marco, Florence ( c. 1400 – 1455 ).

Benedict of Aniane ( 747 – 821 ).

* Benedict Biscop ( c 628 – 90 )

* Benedict of Aniane ( 747 – 821 )

* Benedict van Haeften ( 1588 – 1648 )

Meanwhile, under the direction of Benedict XIV ( pope 1740 – 1758 ), a special congregation collected much material for an official revision, but nothing was published.

* 2008 – Paul Benedict, American actor ( b. 1938 )

* 1014 – Pope Benedict VIII crowns Henry of Bavaria, King of Germany and of Italy, as Holy Roman Emperor.

* 1649 – Pope Benedict XIII ( d. 1730 )

* 1409 – Western Schism: the Roman Catholic church is led into a double schism as Petros Philargos is crowned Pope Alexander V after the Council of Pisa, joining Pope Gregory XII in Rome and Pope Benedict XII in Avignon.

* 965 – Pope Benedict V

* 1779 – Benedict Arnold, a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, is court-martialed for malfeasance.

* 1751 – Pope Benedict XIV suppresses the Patriarchate of Aquileia and establishes from its territory the Archdiocese of Udine and Gorizia.

* 1304 – Pope Benedict XI ( b. 1240 )

* 1976 – Benedict Cumberbatch, English actor

* 1933 – Benedict Groeschel, American priest, author, and talk show host

One of Benedict's primary reforms was to ensure that all religious houses in Louis ' realm adhered to the Rule of Saint Benedict, named for its creator, Benedict of Nursia ( 480 – 550 ), the First Benedict.

* 1644 – Louise de La Vallière, French mistress of Louis XIV of France ( d. 1710 )

* 1672 – Franco-Dutch War: Louis XIV of France invades the Netherlands.

* Ovid, Metamorphoses XIV, 581 – 608 ;

* Jürgen Klötgen, Prieuré d ' Abergavenny – Tribulations mancelles en Pays de Galles au temps du Pape Jean XXII ( d ' après des documents français et anglais du XIV ° siècle collationnés avec une source d ' histoire retrouvée aux Archives Secrètes du Vatican ), in Revue Historique et Archéologique du Maine, Le Mans, 1989, p. 65 – 88 ( 1319: cf John of Hastings, Lord of Abergavenny ; Adam de Orleton, Bishop of Hereford, John of Monmouth, Bishop of Llandaff ).

The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667 – 1714.

For the Grand Alliance – Austria, England, and the Dutch Republic – the battle had followed an indecisive campaign against the Bourbon armies of King Louis XIV of France in 1705.

Yet despite his opponents ' setbacks Louis XIV was desirous of peace – but he wanted it on reasonable terms.

The Duke of Marlborough had intended the 1705 campaign – an invasion of France through the Moselle valley – to complete the work of Blenheim and persuade King Louis XIV to make peace, but the plan had been thwarted by both friend and foe alike.

Far from standing on the defensive therefore – and unbeknown to Marlborough – Louis XIV was persistently goading his marshal into action.

Villeroi, posting himself near Offus, watched anxiously the redcoats ' advance, mindful of the counsel he had received on 6 May from Louis XIV – " Have particular care to that part of the line which will endure the first shock of the English troops.

But these French horsemen were amongst the best in Louis XIV ’ s army – the Maison du Roi, supported by four elite squadrons of Bavarian Cuirassiers.

" Louis XIV was more forgiving to his old friend – " At our age, Marshal, we must no longer expect good fortune.

The Wars of Louis XIV, 1667 – 1714.

# Joseph Bonaparte ( Corte 1768 – Florence 1844 ), King of Naples and Spain, married Julie Clary, sister of Napoleon's childhood sweetheart, Désirée, who was to become the wife of General Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, the later Charles XIV of Sweden.

** Louis XIV ( 1643 – 1715 )

* Louis XIV ( 1643 – 1715 )

* 1590 – Niccolò Sfondrati becomes Pope Gregory XIV.

* 1533 – King Eric XIV of Sweden ( d. 1577 )

Louis XIV of France ( 1643 – 1715 ) strongly promoted the theory as well.

Now 19 years old, Eugene applied directly to Louis XIV for command of a company in French service, but the King – who had shown no compassion for Olympia's children since her disgrace – refused him out of hand.