The Annales was an epic poem in fifteen books, later expanded to eighteen, covering Roman history from the fall of Troy in 1184 BC down to the censorship of Cato the Elder in 184 BC.

Cato the Elder

The prose of the period is best known through On Agriculture ( 160 BC ) by Cato the Elder.

* Cato the Elder

This new-found Punic militarism alarmed many Romans, including Cato the Elder who, after a voyage to Carthage, ended all his speeches, no matter what the topic, by saying: " Carthago delenda est " – " Carthage must be destroyed ".

Along with Cato the Elder ( 234-149 BC ), he can be considered one of the founding fathers of Roman historiography.

* a designation for Cato the Elder ( 234 BC – 149 BC ), a Roman statesman

* Cato the Elder, Roman statesman ( b. 234 BC )

** Marcus Porcius Cato ( Cato the Elder ), Roman statesman, ( d. 149 BC )

** Lucius Valerius Flaccus, Roman statesman, consul in 195 BC, censor in 183 BC and colleague of Cato the Elder

The oldest known basilica, the Basilica Porcia, was built in Rome in 184 BC by Cato the Elder during the time he was Censor.

* Basilica Porcia: first basilica built in Rome ( 184 BC ), erected on the personal initiative and financing of the censor Marcus Porcius Cato ( Cato the Elder ) as an official building for the tribunes of the plebs

According to Appian the senator Cato the Elder usually finished his speeches on any subject in the Senate with the phrase ceterum censeo Carthaginem esse delendam, which means " Furthermore, it is my opinion that Carthage must be destroyed ".

The Roman censor, Cato the Elder, urges the destruction of Carthage and the Roman Senate orders the gathering of an army.

* At Polybius ' request, Scipio Aemilianus manages to gain the support of the Roman statesman Cato the Elder ( whose son has married Scipio's sister Aemilia ) for a proposal to release ( and return to Greece ) the 300 Achaean internees who are still being held without trial after being deported to Rome in 167 BC.

* Marcus Porcius Cato Licinianus, Roman jurist, son of Cato the Elder by his first wife, Licinia

* The Romans under Manius Acilius Glabrio and Cato the Elder cut the Seleucid king Antiochus III off from his reinforcements in Thrace and outflank his position at the pass of Thermopylae in the Battle of Thermopylae.

* Cato the Elder, along with his colleague, Lucius Valerius Flaccus, is elected censors in Rome.

* The oldest known basilica, the Basilica Porcia, is completed in Rome by Cato the Elder during the time he is censor.

* The Roman general Scipio Africanus and his brother Lucius are accused by Cato the Elder and his supporters of having received bribes from the late Seleucid king Antiochus III.

* Lex Voconia ( The Voconian Law ) is introduced in Rome by the tribune, Quintus Voconius Saxa, with the support of Cato the Elder.

* Lucius Valerius Flaccus, Roman statesman, consul in 195 BC, censor in 183 BC and colleague of Cato the Elder

Two years later, Cato was one of the select group who went with the consul Claudius Nero on his northern march from Lucania to check the progress of Hasdrubal Barca.

However true the facts may be, Cato successfully proved himself by his eloquence, and by the production of detailed financial accounts, against the attacks made on his behavior while consul ; and the existing fragments of the speeches, ( or the same speech under different names ), made after his return, attest the strength and boldness of his arguments.

*** Marcus Porcius Cato, son of Cato Licinianus, consul 118 BC, died in Africa in the same year

*** Gaius Porcius Cato, son of Cato Licinianus, consul 114 BC

*** Lucius Porcius Cato, son of Cato Salonianus, consul 89 BC, killed during the Social War ( 91 – 88 BC )

* Lucius Valerius Flaccus, consul with Cato 195 BC

* Marcus Porcius Cato ( consul 118 BC ) ( d. 118 BC ), son of Marcus Porcius Cato Licinianus

The ruling consul, Cato the Censor argued for its retention: personal morality and self-restraint were self-evidently inadequate controls on indulgence and luxury.

When faced with the same request from Caesar, Cato used the device of filibuster, speaking continuously until nightfall, to prevent the Senate from voting on the issue of whether or not Caesar would be allowed to stand for consul in absentia.

When Caesar became consul, Cato opposed the agrarian laws that established farmlands for Pompey's veterans on public lands in Campania, from which the republic derived a quarter of its income.

In 52 BC, Cato ran for the office of consul for the following year, unsuccessfully.

This concession satisfied Pompey, but Cato, along with the consul Lentulus, refused to back down.

It took Cato the Elder, who became consul in 195 BC and was given the command of the whole peninsula to put down the rebellion in the northeast and the lower Ebro valley.

* Lucius Licinius L. f. L. n. Lucullus, son of the consul of 74 BC, he was raised by his uncle, Cato, and Cicero.

Gaius Porciu Cato, consul of the year 114 B. C., chose Tarraco as place of his exile in the year 108. indicating that Tarraco was a free city or perhaps ally at that time.

In 62 BC he was elected consul, but before entering upon office he was accused of bribery by Servius Sulpicius, an unsuccessful competitor, supported by Marcus Porcius Cato the younger and Servius Sulpicius Rufus, a famous jurist and son of the accuser.

* 46 BC – Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato ( Cato the Younger ) in the battle of Thapsus.

In Rome, writers and philosophers like Cicero, Seneca, Pliny the elder, Marcus Aurelius, Epictetus, Cato and Collumella also expressed important ideas on this ground.

Cyprus became a Roman province in 58 BC, according to Strabo because Publius Clodius Pulcher held a grudge against Ptolemy and sent Marcus Cato to conquer the island after he had become tribune.

* Marcus Porcius Cato, the younger commits suicide after the battle of Thapsus ( b. 95 BC )

* Marcus Porcius Cato, the younger, Roman politician ( d. 46 BC )

* A Spanish revolt against Roman consolidation of the ex-Carthaginian colonies is effectively put down by Marcus Porcius Cato (" the Censor ").

The Roman censor Marcus Porcius Cato heads a commission which arbitrates a truce between Carthage and her former ally, Masinissa.

* Marcus Porcius Cato ( Cato the Elder ), Roman statesman, ( d. 149 BC )

The most notable victim, Marcus Tullius Cicero, who had opposed Caesar and excoriated Antony in his Philippics, came as no surprise ; nor did the proscription of Marcus Favonius, a follower of Cato and a constant opponent of both triumvirates ; but the proscription of Caesar's legate Quintus Tullius Cicero ( Marcus Tullius Cicero's younger brother ) seems to be motivated by pure spite.

Caesar's agrarian law was carried through, and the Triumviri then proceeded to allow the demagogue Publius Clodius Pulcher's election as tribune of the people, successfully ridding themselves both of Marcus Tullius Cicero and Cato the Younger, both adamant opponents of the Triumviri.

Many other young Roman aristocrats lost their lives in the battle or committed suicide after the defeat, including the son of great orator Hortensius, and Marcus Porcius Cato ( the son of Cato the younger ), and Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus ( the father of Livia, who became Octavian ’ s wife ).