* The English title is again disputed and claims to it are made by Burke, Ben Caunt and Nicholas Ward, brother of Jem Ward.

Caunt is now the undisputed English champion, especially as Ward announces his retirement.

* William " Bendigo " Thompson contemplates a comeback but no one will challenge Ben Caunt for his English Championship.

Ben Caunt ( 22 March 1815 – 10 September 1861 ) was a 19th century English bare-knuckle boxer who became the " heavyweight " boxing champion known as the " Torkard Giant " and " Big Ben ".

Memorial to Ben Caunt in St Mary Magdalene churchyard. In 1845 he was challenged for the English heavyweight title by William Thompson.

* With James Burke now operating in America, attention shifts to the upcoming Ben Caunt and William " Bendigo " Thompson who each win two fights in 1837, but there remains no resolution to the English title issue.

* 2 February — Ben Caunt fights Nicholas Ward at Crookham Common for the Championship of England.

* 10 September — Ben Caunt goes to America hoping to arrange a fight with Tom Hyer which would decide an inaugural World Championship.

He fights Ben Caunt at Stony Stratford for the Championship of England and is victorious after 93 rounds when Caunt is disqualified for going down without having been struck.

On April 3, 1838, Caunt again fought William Thompson on Skipworth Common, and after 75 rounds Thompson was disqualified for going down without being struck ; Caunt claimed the Heavyweight Championship of England but this was not generally accepted.

Then in 1841 on February 2 Caunt fought Nick Ward on Crookham Common for the Heavyweight Championship of England where the crowd forced the referee to disqualify Caunt for an alleged blow striking Ward while he was down.

It is after Ben Caunt that the bell Big Ben is named.

On September 9 Caunt lost at Stoney Stratford with a disputable decision after 93 rounds where it was alleged that Caunt went down without a blow striking him.

In his final fight on 21 September 1857, Caunt fought Nat Langham at Home Circuit where after 60 rounds both men were too exhausted to continue and a draw was declared.

* The third contender Ben Caunt enhances his title claim by defeating Bill Brassey in a fight lasting 101 rounds.

Caunt avenged this defeat on May 11 of the same year, defeating Ward in 35 rounds at Long Marsden to become the Heavyweight Champion of England.

Caunt denies the accusation and announces his retirement, leaving Bendigo as undisputed champion.

Other noted champions were Jack Broughton, Daniel Mendoza, Jem Belcher, Hen Pearce, John Gully, Tom Cribb, Tom Spring, Jem Ward, James Burke, William " Bendigo " Thompson, Caitlin " Swan " McDonald, Ben Caunt, Tom Sayers and Jem Mace.

On July 21, 1835, Caunt boxed William " Bendigo " Thompson and was disqualified for an alleged foul striking Thompson while he was sitting in his corner.

The current champion of the prize ring was Benjamin Caunt, who had fought terrific battles with Bendigo, and who in 1857 lasted sixty rounds of a drawn contest in his final appearance at the age of 42.

* 3 April — in his return fight with Ben Caunt, William " Bendigo " Thompson is disqualified in the 75th round for going down without being struck.

* 21 July — in a non-title bout between two future contenders, Ben Caunt is disqualified for an alleged foul, striking William " Bendigo " Thompson when Thompson is sitting in his corner.

The referee disqualifies Caunt in the 7th round for allegedly striking Ward when he is down.

* 11 May — return bout between Caunt and Ward is won fairly by Caunt who knocks out Ward in the 35th round.

Ben Caunt is buried outside the north transept of the Parish Church of St. Mary Magdalene in Hucknall close to the grave of two of his children who died in the Coach and Horses fire.

* Ben Caunt and Tom Hyer retain the Championships of England and the United States respectively but there is no record of any fights involving either of them in 1844.

* Ben Caunt and Tom Hyer retain the Championships of England and the United States respectively but there is no record of any fights involving either of them in 1843.

Caunt inists he did no such thing and, as in the Burke fight, Ward's backers are accused of fixing the result.

* Ben Caunt ( 1815 – 1861 ), a bare-knuckle fighter, known as " The Torkard Giant ", who became ' Champion of England '.

Caunt returned to England on March 10, 1842 with the " American Giant " Charles Freeman.

Caunt was born on March 22, 1815 in Hucknall Torkard in Nottinghamshire in England.

On September 10, 1841 Caunt sailed to America to challenge Tom Hyer to a world championship bout, but Hyer never replied.

However, Hyer declines to fight Caunt.

In 1837, Caunt fought and beat on August 17 William Butler at Stoneyford and on November 4 Bill Boniford at Sunrise Hill.

On June 24 Caunt was scheduled to again fight William Thompson but the bout was cancelled.

In 1840 on October 26 Caunt defeated Bill Brassey at Six Mile Bottom in 101 rounds.

Other utilitarian-type views include the claims that the end of action is survival and growth, as in evolutionary ethics ( the 19th-century English philosopher Herbert Spencer ); the experience of power, as in despotism ( the 16th-century Italian political philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli and the 19th-century German Friedrich Nietzsche ); satisfaction and adjustment, as in pragmatism ( 20th-century American philosophers Ralph Barton Perry and John Dewey ); and freedom, as in existentialism ( the 20th-century French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre ).

The Annals of Clonmacnoise state that " the Scottish men compelled to return without any great victory ", while Henry of Huntingdon claims that the English faced no opposition.

Ten years later, limited liability, the key provision of modern corporate law, passed into English law: in response to increasing pressure from newly emerging capital interests, Parliament passed the Limited Liability Act 1855, which established the principle that any corporation could enjoy limited legal liability on both contract and tort claims simply by registering as a " limited " company with the appropriate government agency.

In English law solicitors like to call personal injury claims as “ general damages ” for pain and suffering and loss of amenity ( PSLA ).

It was only in October 1328, after a short-lived peace treaty between Scotland and England, the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton ( which renounced all English claims to Scotland and was signed by the new English king, Edward III, on 1 March 1328 ), that the interdict on Scotland and the excommunication of its king were finally removed.

For instance, Joanot Martorell in the introductory letter to Tirant lo Blanc claims to be not the creator of a fiction, but the translator of an English historical manuscript.

Higgins writes in the first person of finding the graves of 13 German paratroopers in an English churchyard, an event known not to have actually occurred, and claims that the book stems from his research into actual events.

In his moving tribute to Banks he claims that his English hero was one of the reasons why he never choose the path of violence.

His struggles for power against Godwin, Earl of Wessex, the claims of Canute's Scandinavian successors, and the ambitions of the Normans whom Edward introduced to English politics to bolster his own position caused each to vie for control Edward's reign.

This marriage, and raids on northern England, prompted William the Conqueror to invade and Máel Coluim submitted to his authority, opening up Scotland to later claims of sovereignty by English kings.

The English sought to stake out claims in India at the expense of the Portuguese dating back to the Elizabethan era.

In The Divine King in England ( 1954 ) she expanded on her earlier claims there was a secret conspiracy of pagans amongst the English nobility, the same English nobility who provided the leading members of the Church.

The three rulers had their claims to the English crown ( Harald probably primarily on the overlord-ship of Northumbria ) and it was this that motivated the battles rather than the lure of plunder.

Legal interpretivism, famously defended in the English speaking world by Ronald Dworkin, claims to have a position different from both natural law and positivism.

The De Vere Code, a book by English actor Jonathan Bond, the author claims that Thomas Thorpe ´ s 30-word dedication to the original publication of Shakespeare's Sonnets contains six simple encryptions which conclusively establish de Vere as the author of the poems.

Warranty claims commonly require privity between the injured party and the manufacturer or seller ; in plain English, this means they must be dealing with each other directly.

Because the list of types of claims eligible for consideration was capped early during the development of the English legal system, claims that might have been acceptable to the courts ' evolving sense of justice often did not match up perfectly with any of the established forms of action.

Then in 1202, disaffected patrons petitioned the French king to summon John to answer their charges in his capacity as John's feudal lord, and, when the English king refused to appear, Philip again took up the claims of Arthur, to whom he betrothed his six-year-old daughter, Marie.

Although Roy Bates claims it is de facto recognised by Germany ( as they have sent a diplomat to the micro-nation ), and by the United Kingdom ( after an English court ruled it did not have jurisdiction over Sealand ) neither action constitutes de jure recognition as far as the respective countries are concerned.

Farrell's claims on gender relations have attracted the interest of English academic Rory Ridley-Duff, who has integrated Farrell's perspectives into curriculum materials, academic papers and a book and developed Attraction Theory to capture the gendering dynamics implicit in Farrell's work.

* 1259 – December 4 – Kings Louis IX of France and Henry III of England agree to the Treaty of Paris, in which Henry renounces his claims to French-controlled territory on continental Europe ( including Normandy ) in exchange for Louis withdrawing his support for English rebels.

Another legend claims that following the Navigation Acts ( an ordinance by Oliver Cromwell requiring all foreign fleets in the North Sea or the Channel to dip their flag in salute ) the Wilhelmus was sung ( or rather, shouted ) by the sailors on the Dutch flagship Brederode in response to the first warning shot fired by an English fleet under Robert Blake, when their captain Maarten Tromp refused to lower his flag.