:* One who cultivates one of the fine arts – traditionally the arts presided over by the muses

:* Liberal – Greens coalition in 1996 ;

:* Labor – Greens coalitions formed in 1989 and 2010.

:* Liberal – Independent coalition in 1998 ;

:* Labor – Greens coalitions in 2001 and 2008.

:* John Churchill, Marquess of Blandford ( 1686 – 1703 ), elder son of the 1st Duke, died unmarried

:* Anne Spencer, Countess of Sunderland ( née Lady Anne Churchill ; 1683 – 1716 ), second daughter of the 1st Duke

:* William Godolphin, Marquess of Blandford ( 1700 – 1731 ), elder son of the 2nd Duchess, predeceased his mother without issue

:* Iterated function systems – use fixed geometric replacement rules ; may be stochastic or deterministic ; e. g., Koch snowflake, Cantor set, Sierpinski carpet, Sierpinski gasket, Peano curve, Harter-Heighway dragon curve, T-Square, Menger sponge

:* Strange attractors – use iterations of a map or solutions of a system of initial-value differential equations that exhibit chaos ( e. g., see multifractal image )

:* Escape-time fractals – use a formula or recurrence relation at each point in a space ( such as the complex plane ); usually quasi-self-similar ; also known as " orbit " fractals ; e. g., the Mandelbrot set, Julia set, Burning Ship fractal, Nova fractal and Lyapunov fractal.

:* Random fractals – use stochastic rules ; e. g., Lévy flight, percolation clusters, self avoiding walks, fractal landscapes, trajectories of Brownian motion and the Brownian tree ( i. e., dendritic fractals generated by modeling diffusion-limited aggregation or reaction-limited aggregation clusters ).

:* Sir John Boyd Orr ( UK ): October 1945 – April 1948.

:* Norris E. Dodd ( U. S .): April 1948 – December 1953.

:* Philip V. Cardon ( U. S .): January 1954 – April 1956.

:* Sir Herbert Broadley ( UK ) ( acting ): April 1956 – November 1956.

:* Binay Ranjan Sen ( India ): November 1956 – December 1967.

:* Edouard Saouma ( Lebanon ): January 1976 – December 1993.

:* Jacques Diouf ( Senegal ): January 1994 – December 2011.

:* José Graziano da Silva ( Brazil ): January 2012 –

:* Sir Herbert Broadley ( UK ): 1948 – 1958.

:* Friedrich Traugott Wahlen ( Switzerland ): 1958 – 1959.

:* Norman C. Wright ( UK ): 1959 – 1963.

:* Oris V. Wells ( US ): 1963 – 1971.

:* Roy I. Jackson ( US ): 1971 – 1978.

:* A follower of a pursuit in which skill comes by study or practice

:* Chlamydomonas reinhardtii-a unicellular green alga used to study photosynthesis, flagella and motility, regulation of metabolism, cell-cell recognition and adhesion, response to nutrient deprivation and many other topics.

:* Lotus japonicus a model legume used to study the symbiosis responsible for nitrogen fixation.

:* Macrostomum lignano, a free-living, marine flatworm, a model organism for the study of stem cells, regeneration, ageing, gene function, and the evolution of sex.

:* Hamster-first used to study kala-azar ( leishmaniasis )

:* Zebra finch ( Taeniopygia guttata )-used in the study of the song system of songbirds and the study of non-mammalian auditory systems

:* Crystallography – the study of regular arrangement of atoms and ions in a solid, the defects associated with crystal structures such as grain boundaries and dislocations, and the characterization of these structures and their relation to physical properties.

:* Forensic engineering – the study of how products fail, and the vital role of the materials of construction

:* Forensic materials engineering – the study of material failure, and the light it sheds on how engineers specify materials in their product

:* Metallography-Metallography is the study of the physical structure and components of metals, typically using microscopy.

:* Metallurgy – the study of metals and their alloys, including their extraction, microstructure and processing.

:* Microtechnology – study of materials and processes and their interaction, allowing microfabrication of structures of micrometric dimensions, such as Microelectromechanical systems ( MEMS ).

:* Nanotechnology – rigorously, the study of materials where the effects of quantum confinement, the Gibbs – Thomson effect, or any other effect only present at the nanoscale is the defining property of the material ; but more commonly, it is the creation and study of materials whose defining structural properties are anywhere from less than a nanometer to one hundred nanometers in scale, such as molecularly engineered materials.

:* Tribology – the study of the wear of materials due to friction and other factors.

:* Solid-state physics is the study of rigid matter, or solids, through methods such as quantum mechanics, crystallography, electromagnetism, and metallurgy.

:* The Royal Carillon School " Jef Denyn " where carillonneurs come from around the world to study the carillon and playing of the instrument.

:* The charge of " McCarthyism " has come up so often that we address this in a separate study which demonstrates why the charge is ignorant, intolerant, and ultimately self-serving.

:* abolition of theology as a course of study in universities

:* For the study of our rich and varied heritages and traditions.

:* Arnold J. Toynbee: Toynbee wrote a similar comparative study of the rise and decline of civilizations, A Study of History, somewhat concurrently with Spengler, which was released much later, around the conclusion of World War II.

:* Svadhyaya: study of the Vedic scriptures to know about God and the soul, which leads to introspection on a greater awakening to the soul and God within,

:* University and polytechnic students in Finland and Sweden often wear jumpsuits colored according to their school or field of study at student parties, see student overall.