The two literary schools of Preslav and Ohrid developed a rich literary and cultural activity with authors of the rank of Constantine of Preslav, John Exarch, Chernorizets Hrabar, Clement and Naum of Ohrid.

The disciples of Cyril and Methodius, among whom Clement of Ohrid, Naum and Constantine of Preslav, continued their educational work in Bulgaria, actively translating Christian texts, such as the Bible and the works of John Chrysostom, Basil of Caesarea, Cyril of Alexandria, Gregory of Nazianzus, Athanasius of Alexandria, as well as historic chronicles such as these of John Malalas and George Hamartolus, to Bulgarian.

This event is written of by Constantine of Preslav in his Didactic Gospel.

A number of prominent Bulgarian writers and scholars worked at the school, including Naum of Preslav ( until 893 ), Constantine of Preslav, Joan Exarch, Chernorizets Hrabar, etc.

Constantine of Preslav () was a medieval Bulgarian scholar, writer and translator, one of the most important men of letters working at the Preslav Literary School at the end of the 9th and the beginning of the 10th century.

After the death of Methodius in 885, Constantine of Preslav was jailed by the German clergy in Great Moravia and sold as slave in Venice.

Constantine of Preslav was one of the most prolific and important writers in Old Bulgarian ( the Bulgarian recension of Old Church Slavonic ).

In 894 Constantine of Preslav wrote the historical work Историкии ( Histories ), the first historical chronicle in Slavic literature.

Constantine of Preslav is also the alleged author of Служба на Методия ( Service for Methodius ), showing the struggle of Saint Methodius for the recognition of Old Church Slavonic, as well as of Проглас към евангелието ( Proclamation of the Holy Gospels ) where he rejects and castigates the admiration of the foreign language ( mean.

None of the original works of Constantine of Preslav has survived the burning of Preslav by Byzantine Emperor John Tzimisces in 972 and the period of Ottoman rule ( 1396 – 1878 ).

# redirect Constantine of Preslav

It was the medium of a rich literary activity — chiefly in the late 9th and the early 10th century — with writers such as Constantine of Preslav, John Exarch, Clement of Ohrid, Chernorizetz Hrabar and Naum of Preslav ( Naum of Ohrid ).

Both branches descend in unbroken, legitimate male line from the medieval kings of Georgia down to Constantine II of Georgia who died in 1505.

" Some scholars have even characterized the Liber Pontificalis, like the works of Pseudo-Isidore and the Donation of Constantine, as a tool used by the medieval papacy to represent itself " as a primitive institution of the church, clothed with absolute and perpetual authority.

Constantine became the Despotes of the Morea ( the medieval name for the Peloponnesus ) in October 1443, ruling from the fortress and palace in Mistra.

major compositions, including Rhythmology ( Rythmologia ) for solo piano, his compilation, Gioconda's Smile ( produced by Quincy Jones ), and the song cycle, Magnus Eroticus ( Megalos Erotikos ), in which he used ancient ( Sappho, Euripides ), medieval ( stanzas from folk songs and George Hortatzis ' romance Erophile ) and modern ( Dionysios Solomos, Constantine Cavafy, Odysseus Elytis, Nikos Gkatsos ) Greek poems, as well as an excerpt from the Old Testament book " Wisdom of Solomon ".

Vicarius Filii Dei ( Latin: Vicar or Representative of the Son of God ) is a phrase first used in the forged medieval Donation of Constantine to refer to Saint Peter, a leader of the Early Christian Church and regarded as the first Pope by the Catholic Church.

According to medieval legend, Constantine, a 7th-century King of Strathclyde, founded a monastery under the rule of Columbanus in Govan.

Later medieval legend told of a Coel, apparently derived from Coel Hen, who was the father of Saint Helena and the grandfather of Roman Emperor Constantine the Great.

He noted that Constantine was a ' Saracen ', the medieval Franco-Italian term meaning a Muslim from North Africa.

He is one of the first of the medieval Christian philosophers to take advantage of Islamic physical and physiological lore, to which he had access in the translations by Constantine the African.

Although his son Constantine II claimed the title Emperor of Bulgaria and at times controlled some parts of his father's realm, Ivan Sratsimir is generally regarded by historians as the last ruler of medieval Bulgaria.

It is the site of the medieval town of Ksnyatin, founded by Yuri Dolgoruki in 1134 and named after his son Constantine.

This tribe also features in several ancient and medieval works, notably in Pliny ( Zichoi ), Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos, medieval Georgian chroniclers ( Jikebi ), Marco Polo, and Johannes de Galonifontibus, who, in his Libellus de notitia orbis, speaks of " Zikia or Circassia " and their language, perhaps the earliest reference to the Northwest Caucasian languages.

Starting with the bottom medallion on the left wing, it pictures the highy medieval version of the legend of Constantine having a dream the night before the Battle of the Milvian Bridge, where he dreams an angel appears, points to the Cross, and tells him he will conquer under that sign.

Facing the danger of encirclement, Constantine realized that his army could no longer continue hostilities, agreed to Eleftherios Venizelos ' proposal and accepted the Bulgarian request for armistice as this had been communicated through Romania.

* Ottoman forces overrun the last domains of Constantine II of Bulgaria, who dies in exile at the Serbian court ; end of the Bulgarian Empire.

In support of this hypothesis is the 10th-century diplomatic protocol of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII, where the Bulgarian nobles are called boliades, while the 9th-century Bulgar sources call them boila.

According to Theophanes, in 680, Asparukh, the founder of the First Bulgarian Empire, routed an army of Constantine IV near the Danube delta and, pursuing it, reached the so-called Varna near Odyssos and the midlands thereof: perhaps the new name applied initially to an adjacent river or lake, Roman military camp, or inland area, and only later to the city itself.

After having discharged the function of ambassador at the court of the Bulgarian Tsar Constantine, he retired for some years from public affairs, and made the instruction of youth his sole occupation.

In 775, Constantine was persuaded to reveal to the Bulgarian ruler Telerig the identities of his agents in Bulgaria.

The subsequent native sources, all written in Old Bulgarian language, without exceptions treat the state as Bulgarian in the line of tsar's title of Ivan Asen II from his Turnovo's inscription from 1230 " In Christ the Lord good and faithful Tsar and autocrat of the Bulgarians, son of the old Asen ", an inscription from Boyana Church from 1259 " This was written in the Bulgarian Empire under the pious and devout Tsar Constantine Asen " and one marginal note from 1269 / 70 " In the days of the faithful tsar Constantine, who ruled the Bulgarian throne ".

King Constantine, seeing that the Bulgarian Army at his front had already been defeated, ordered the Greek Army to march further into Bulgarian territory and take the capital city of Sofia.

A Bulgarian army, which was commanded by Georgi Todorov captured Serres during the First Balkan War on November 6, 1912 but was forced to withdraw by Greek forces commanded by Constantine I during the Second Balkan War on July 11, 1913.

Crown Prince Constantine was sent to represent Greece to a royal feast in Sofia, and in 1911 Bulgarian students were invited to Athens.

Venizelos, having accurate information from the Greek embassy in Sofia about the movement of the Bulgarian army towards the city, sent a telegram to Constantine in a strict tone, holding him responsible for the possible loss of Thessaloniki.

Constantine, now King after his father's assassination in March, neutralized the Bulgarian forces in Thessaloniki and pushed the Bulgarian army further back with a series of hard-fought victories.

Stunned by the success of his ally and suspicious of his actual intentions, Emperor Nikephoros II now hastened to make peace with Bulgaria and arranged the marriage of his wards, the underage emperors Basil II and Constantine VIII, to two Bulgarian princesses.

According to Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitos, Vladimir had taken part in a Bulgarian invasion of the Serbian lands, predating the Christianization of Bulgaria.

* August 15 – Constantine Lascaris, Greek scholar and grammarian

After establishing himself as the Despot, Constantine worked to strengthen the defence of the Morea, including reconstructing a wall across the Isthmus of Corinth called the " Hexamilion " ( Six-mile-wall ), on the suggestion of the famous scholar and teacher of his, Plethon.

He studied Greek for two years under the Greek scholar Constantine Lascaris at Messina, and afterwards went to the University of Padua.

Constantine Lascaris ( 1434 – 15 August 1501 ) was a Greek scholar and grammarian, one of the promoters of the revival of Greek learning in the Italian peninsula, born at Constantinople.

Constantine VII was renowned for his abilities as a writer and scholar.

He became a deacon at Constantinople, attained a high reputation as a scholar, and became the tutor of Constantine Ducas, son of the Emperor Michael VII, for whom he wrote The Education of Princes.

Around 900 AD, a Byzantine scholar named Constantine Cephalas compiled pieces of several Greek anthologies, including The Boyish Muse, to make a comprehensive collection of Greek epigrams.

Constantine was a Bulgarian scholar who following his arrival in Serbia in 1411, made a career for himself at Stefan's court.

* Constantine Menges ( 1939-2004 ), an American scholar, author, professor, and Latin American specialist for the CIA.