* 1916 – World War I: The British 6th Indian Division surrenders to Ottoman Forces at the Siege of Kut in one of the largest surrenders of British forces up to that point.

In 1710 he convinced the Ottoman Sultan Ahmed III to declare war against Russia, and the Ottoman forces under Baltacı Mehmet Pasha won a major victory at the Battle of Prut.

* 1916 – World War I: Battle of Romani – Allied forces, under the command of Archibald Murray, defeat an attacking Ottoman army under the command of Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein, securing the Suez Canal and beginning the Ottoman retreat from the Sinai Peninsula.

* 1770 – The Georgian king Erekle II, abandoned by his Russian ally Count Totleben, wins a victory over Ottoman forces at Aspindza.

He developed a reputation as a military commander during wars with Russia and the Ottoman Empire, as an early modernizer of Persia's armed forces and institutions, and for his death before his father, Fath Ali Shah.

After a failed Ottoman counter-attack in the Western-Thracian front, Bulgarian forces with the help of the Serbian Army managed to conquer Adrianople while Greek forces managed to take Ioannina after defeating the Ottomans in the battle of Bizani.

The Serbs and the Greeks had a military advantage on the eve of the war because their armies confronted comparatively weak Ottoman forces in the First Balkan War and suffered relatively light casualties while the Bulgarians were involved in heavy fighting in Thrace.

When the Byzantine forces saw the entire Ottoman army get on their knees to pray, the Byzantine army was witnessing how united the Ottoman Turks were and this worried them.

The French occupation was short-lived as British and Ottoman forces, including a sizable Albanian contingent, recaptured the country in 1801.

For example, in the 1543 Siege of Nice the Ottoman forces led by Barbarossa conquered and pillaged the town itself and took many captives-but the city castle held out, due to which the townspeople were accounted the victors.

In the Middle East, during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign mounted forces ( British, Indian, Ottoman, Australian, Arab and New Zealand ) retained an important strategic role both as mounted infantry and cavalry.

In Egypt the New Zealand Mounted Rifles and Australian Light Horse of Anzac Mounted Division operating as mounted infantry, drove German and Ottoman forces back from Romani to Magdhaba and Rafa and out of the Egyptian Sinai Peninsular in 1916.

Al-Ghazi's forces and their Ottoman allies came close to extinguishing the ancient Ethiopian kingdom, but the Abyssinians managed to secure the assistance of Cristóvão da Gama's Portuguese troops and maintain their domain's autonomy.

* 1832 – Egyptian – Ottoman War: Egyptian forces decisively defeat Ottoman troops at the Battle of Konya.

Additionally, the Ottoman forces lost 70 artillery pieces, 30 machine guns and 70, 000 rifles ( Thessaloniki was the central arms depot for the Western Armies ).

The Ottoman forces estimated that 15, 000 officers and men had been killed during the campaign in south Macedonia, bringing total losses up to 41, 000 soldiers.

The clashes there were short-lived as the Ottoman forces withdrew to the Anatolian mainland, so that the island was securely in Greek hands by 16 March.

Two days later he led his forces out, hoping again to trap the patrolling Greek destroyers between two divisions of the Ottoman fleet, one heading for Imbros and the other waiting at the entrance of the straits.

Napoleon defeated the Ottoman forces during the Battle of the Pyramids ( 21 July 1798 ) and sent hundreds of scientists and linguists out to thoroughly explore modern and ancient Egypt.

Under a red flag bearing Skanderbeg's heraldic emblem, an Albanian force held off Ottoman campaigns for twenty-five years and overcame sieges of Krujë led by the forces of the Ottoman sultans Murad II and Mehmed II.

Although outnumbered, the Holy League famously defeated the Ottoman Empire, which had threatened to overrun Europe, at the Battle of Lepanto.

After heavy fighting all day, Kemball's troops had overrun Ottoman trenches on the right bank, taking prisoners and capturing two guns.

Leopold I was weak in Germany, and was in grave danger along his Hungarian borders where the Ottoman Turks were threatening to overrun all central Europe from the south.

" Bulgarians overrun the Ottoman positions en bayonette ", by the Czech painter Jaroslav Věšín.

After suffering numerous casualties under Ottoman rule during the Armenian Genocide and the subsequent Turkish-Armenian War, the historic Armenian area in the Ottoman Empire was overrun with despair and devastation.

By 1430, the Byzantines eventually recovered the remainder of the Frankish part of the Morea, but in 1460 the peninsula was almost completely overrun and conquered by the Ottoman Empire.

Notable was the charge of the Australian 4th Light Horse Brigade, which covered some to overrun and capture the last remaining Ottoman trenches, and secure the surviving wells at Birüssebi.

The Gaza-Beersheba line was completely overrun and 12, 000 Ottoman soldiers were captured or surrendered.

Most of eastern Thrace was overrun by Ottoman forces within a decade and permanently brought under Orhan's control by means of heavy colonization.

The raids of the Ottoman Turks since the 1350s cut, however, short the Bulgarian territorial expansion ; by 1396 the whole of Bulgaria was overrun by the Ottomans.

On the defeat of Archil, Racha was overrun and plundered by an Ottoman punitive force.

In 1453 when the last vestige of ancient Roman power fell to the Turks, the city officially shifted religions -- although the Patriarch, or Pope, of the Orthodox Church continued to live there, and still does -- and became the capital of the Ottoman Empire.

* 1526 – Battle of Mohács: The Ottoman Turks led by Suleiman the Magnificent defeat and kill the last Jagiellonian king of Hungary and Bohemia.

* 1453 – The last naval battle in Byzantine history occurs, as three Genoese galleys escorting a Byzantine transport fight their way through the huge Ottoman blockade fleet and into the Golden Horn.

In 1922, the last Ottoman sultan was deposed and in 1923 Ankara became the new capital of Turkey.

* The flag of Turkey, which is very similar to last flag of the old Ottoman Empire, has been an inspiration for the flag designs of many other Muslim nations.

The last vestiges of serfdom were abolished in Russia in 1861 and Balkan nations began to regain independence from the Ottoman Empire.

The peace would only last until the Ottoman Empire had declined enough to become a target for the others.

In 1711, Ahmed Karamanli, an Ottoman cavalry officer, seized power and founded the Karamanli dynasty, which would last 124 years.

It was the last attempt of the Ottoman Navy to leave the Dardanelles, thereby leaving the Greeks dominant in the Aegean.

The Albanians, because of the higher degree of Islamic influence, their internal social divisions, and the fear that they would lose their Albanian-populated lands to the emerging Balkan states — Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, and Greece — were the last of the Balkan peoples to desire division from the Ottoman Empire.

* 1875 – Outbreak of the Herzegovina Uprising against Ottoman rule, which would last until 1878 and have far-reaching implications throughout the Balkans

* 1916 – World War I: The Battle of Gallipoli concludes with an Ottoman Empire victory when the last Allied forces are evacuated from the peninsula.

After the Ottoman conquest of Bosnia, the kingdom's last queen, George's granddaughter Mary, who had brought the relics with her from Serbia as her dowry, sold them to the Venetian Republic.

Murad IV himself commanded the Ottoman army in the last years of the war, and proved to be an outstanding field commander.

He was the second and last Ottoman Sultan to command an army on the battlefield since death of Suleiman the Magnificent at 1566.

* 1922 – The last sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed VI, abdicates.

The Battle of Nicopolis in 1396, widely regarded as the last large-scale crusade of the Middle Ages, failed to stop the advance of the victorious Ottoman Turks.

The unsuccessful siege ( the Turks managed to capture the Isle of Gozo together with Fort Saint Elmo on the main island of Malta, but failed elsewhere and retreated ) was the second and last defeat experienced by Suleiman the Magnificent ( who died a year later, in 1566 ) after the likewise inconclusive first Ottoman siege of Vienna in 1529.

During Orhan's reign as the Ottoman emir, the Byzantine Empire was in its last stages of its decline.

Nevertheless, as if to thumb their nose at Allenby the British press continued to celebrate his victory over the Ottoman Empire by printing cartoons of Richard the Lionheart looking down on Jerusalem from the heavens with the caption reading " At last my dream has come true.

150 personae non gratae of Turkey ( descendants of the Ottoman dynasty ) slowly acquired citizenship — the last one was in 1974.

Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro offers a singular example of monarchs willingly turning their power to ecclesiastic authority ( Montenegrin Orthodox ), as the last of the House of Crnojević ( styled Grand Voivode, not sovereign princes ) did, in order to preserve national unity before the Ottoman onslaught as a separate millet under an autochthonous ethnarch.

* 1453: The Fall of Constantinople marks the end of the Byzantine Empire and the death of the last Roman Emperor Constantine XI and the beginning of the Growth of the Ottoman Empire.

* June 14 – June 15 – The Auspicious Incident: Mahmud II, sultan of Ottoman Empire, crushes the last mutiny of janissaries in Istanbul.

* May 16 – Mehmed VI, last Ottoman Sultan ( b. 1861 )