A Military Programation Law ( Lei de Programação Militar ) was launched in 2002 to start the complete modernization of the Armed Forces ; considerable reequipment of the military started in 2003, with Defense Minister Paulo Portas, who managed to acquire new helicopters ( Army and Air Force ), submarines, IFV ( Army and Navy ), frigates and naval patrol boats.

The NWC's responsibilities include acquisition, modernization and sustainment of nuclear system programs for both the Department of Defense and Department of Energy.

This encompasses the entire scope of nuclear weapon system support functions to include sustainment, modernization and acquisition support activities for both the Department of Defense and Department of Energy.

Much of the modernization program was focused on the European area, where the United States developed initiatives in response to Department of Defense and congressional interest for an increase in the capability of NATO.

After the promulgation of Brazilian National Defense Strategy, in December 2008, the Brazilian Government appears to be interested in the Armed Forces modernization.

* The Strategic Defense and Deterrence Project-Through this project, the Center advocates the creation of a national missile defense system, the modernization of America's nuclear capabilities, and the abrogation of U. S. participation in arms control treaties.

These tensions culminated in September 1959, when Mao Zedong replaced Minister of National Defense Peng Dehuai, the chief advocate of military modernization, with Lin Biao, who deemphasized military professionalism in favor of revolutionary purity ( see Great Leap Forward 1958-60 ).

Defense procurement dropped by 20 percent in 1971 and shifted from aircraft production and intercontinental ballistic missile development to the modernization of the ground forces and medium-range ballistic missile and intermediate-range ballistic missile development.

Research and development activities undertaken by the Secretary shall be coordinated or conducted jointly with the Department of Defense to the end that developments under this Act which are primarily of a civil nature will contribute to the defense of the Nation and that developments which are primarily of a military nature will, to the greatest practicable extent compatible with military and security requirements, be available to advance the purposes of this Act and to strengthen the civil economy of the Nation.

It is the concern of the Department of State that the American people are safe and secure -- defense is not a monopoly concern of the Department of Defense.

Noting that President Kennedy has handed the Defense Department the major responsibility for the nation's civil defense program, Mr. Hawksley said the federal government would pay half the salary of a full-time local director.

* 1949 – U. S. President Harry S. Truman signs the National Security Act Amendment, streamlining the defense agencies of the United States government, and replacing the Department of War with the United States Department of Defense.

As part of this defense, Canada and the US established the North American Air Defense Command ( now called North American Aerospace Defense Command NORAD ).

In 2008 the Brazilian minister of defense has formulated the " Estratégia Nacional de Defesa " ( National Defense Strategy ), that claims to build a strong national industry and make strategic partnerships with allied nations to develop technology together.

Krulak's staff assignments included: operations officer, 2nd Battalion 9th Marines ( 1977 – 1978 ); chief of the Combat Arms Monitor Section at Headquarters Marine Corps, Washington, D. C. ( 1978 – 1979 ); executive assistant to the Director of Personnel Management, Headquarters Marine Corps ( 1979 – 1981 ); Plans Office, Fleet Marine Forces Pacific, Camp H. M. Smith, Hawaii ( 1982 – 1983 ); executive officer, 3rd Marine Regiment, 1st Marine Expeditionary Brigade ; assistant chief of staff, maritime pre-positioning ships, 1st MEB ; assistant chief of staff for operations, 1st Marine Expeditionary Brigade ; and the military assistant to the assistant secretary of defense for command, control, communications and intelligence, Office of the Secretary of Defense.

It is said that the rivalry was fueled in the 1970s due to the stark contrast of the teams: the Cowboys, being more of a " flashy " team with Roger Staubach's aerial attack and the " flex " Doomsday Defense ; while the Steelers were more of a " blue-collar " team with a strong running game and the 1970s-esque Steel Curtain defense, a contrast that still exists today.

In February 2006, a University of California Blue Ribbon Commission that included Lawrence Korb, a former assistant defense secretary during the Reagan administration, William Perry, Secretary of Defense in the Clinton administration, and professors from the United States Military Academy released their assessment of the GAO's analysis of the cost of DADT released a year earlier.

Additionally, the political and defense communities recognized the need for a high-level Department of Defense organization to formulate and execute R & D projects that would expand the frontiers of technology beyond the immediate and specific requirements of the Military Services and their laboratories.

The Defense Distinguished Service Medal is a United States military award which is presented for exceptionally distinguished performance of duty contributing to National security or defense of the United States.

The Egyptian Air Defense Command or ADF ( Quwwat El Diffaa El Gawwi in Arabic ) is Egypt's military command responsible for air defense.

Egypt patterned its Air Defense Force ( ADF ) after the Soviet Anti-Air Defenses, which integrated all its air defense capabilities – antiaircraft guns, rocket and missile units, interceptor planes, and radar and warning installations.

*" In Defense of Food Writing: A Reader ’ s Manifesto " A defense of the genre by Eric LeMay based on Michael Pollan's In Defense of Food.

There were no Ministry of Defense offices and no vice ministers to shape national defense policies or exercise civilian control over the armed forces.

Following the " peace dividend " after the fall of the Soviet bloc, the company sold its defense and aerospace business, including what was once North American Aviation and Rocketdyne, to Boeing Integrated Defense Systems in December 1996.

< span style =" font-size: 90 %;"> ( Red Faction )</ span ></ ref > After sending a distress call to the Earth Defense Force Parker destroys the missile defense system, so that he can stow away on a shuttle to an Ultor space station in Martian orbit to deactivate a laser defense system without getting shot down .< ref > Hendrix: Ultor has a system of laser satellites orbiting Mars.

The Semi-Automatic Ground Environment ( SAGE ) was the Cold War operator environment created for the automated air defense ( AD ) of North American and by extension, the name of the associated network of radars, computer systems, and aircraft command and control equipment (" SAGE Defense System ") to replace the United States Air Force " manual air defense system " ( Col John Morton ).

The Dallas defense ( nicknamed the " Doomsday Defense ") had given up only one touchdown in the last 25 quarters prior to the Super Bowl.

The Cowboys ' " Doomsday Defense " finished the season as the top ranked defense in the league against the run by only allowing 107. 6 yards per game, 2nd overall ( 4009 ), 3rd in points allowed ( 208 ).

In light of Reagan's vocal criticism of the MAD doctrine ( Mutually Assured Destruction ) the SDI ( Strategic Defense Initiative ) was an important part of his defense policy intended to offset MAD bias.

Ministry of Defense forces included the 103rd Guards Air Assault Division and the 38th Separate Assault-Landing Brigade ; the 28th Army Corps ( Grodno and Brest regions ), composed of headquarters at Grodno, the 6th Detached Mechanized Infantry Brigade, the 11th Detached Mechanized Infantry Brigade, the 50th Detached Mechanized Infantry Brigade, the Armament and Equipment base, and corps units ( missile troops, antiaircraft, chemical and engineer troops, signals, and rear services ); the 65th Army Corps ( Minsk and Vitebsk regions ), composed of headquarters at Barysaw, three armament and equipment bases, and corps units ; and the 5th Guards Army Corps ( Minsk and Mahilyow regions ) made up of headquarters at Babruysk, the 30th Detached Mechanized Infantry Brigade, two Armament and Equipment bases, and corps units.

* Cold War Era Civil Defense Museum – Features much historical information about Civil Defense history, its equipment and methods, and many historical photographs and posters.

São Tomé and Príncipe's army is a tiny force with almost no resources at its disposal and would be wholly ineffective operating unilaterally ; infantry equipment is considered simple to operate and maintain but may require refurbishment or replacement after 25 years in tropical climates ; poor pay, working conditions, and alleged nepotism in the promotion of officers have been problems in the past, as reflected in the 1995 and 2003 coups ; these issues are being addressed with foreign assistance aimed at improving the army and its focus on realistic security concerns ; command is exercised from the president, through the Minister of Defense, to the Chief of the Armed Forces staff ( 2005 )

** The first Defense Bonds and Defense Savings Stamps go on sale in the United States, to help fund the greatly increased production of military equipment.

Secure voice over internet protocol ( SVOIP ) has become the defacto standard for securing voice communication, replacing the need for STU-X and STE equipment in much of the U. S. Department of Defense.

Faced with “ past technical deficiencies in telecommunications systems and equipment and software … that were traced to basic inadequacies in the application of telecommunication standards and to the lack of a well defined … program for their review, control and implementation ”, the U. S. Department of Defense looked to develop a series of standards that would alleviate the problem.

… that all such systems developed for use by U. S. forces are considered to be for joint use .” To achieve this the director of the Defense Information Systems Agency ( DISA ) is charged with “ developing information technology standards to achieve interoperability and compatibility … ensure that all systems and equipment shall conform to technical and procedural standards for interface, interoperability, and compatibility ”.

According to the DoD the MIL-STD-188 – 300 Series contains “ communications system standards and design objectives applicable to the field of long haul and point-to – point communications in support of the Defense Communications System ( DCS ) and the National Military Command System ( NMCS ), and also to provide the necessary interface with non-DCS equipment .”

VHDL was originally developed at the behest of the U. S Department of Defense in order to document the behavior of the ASICs that supplier companies were including in equipment.

:: The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to ensure that any activity ( including the provision of any equipment or facility or the assignment or detail of any personnel ) under this chapter does not include or permit direct participation by a member of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps in a search, seizure, arrest, or other similar activity unless participation in such activity by such member is otherwise authorized by law.

In the United States force structure is guided by the table of organization and equipment ( TOE or TO & E ) is a document published by the U. S. Department of Defense which prescribes the organization, manning, and equipage of units from divisional size and down, but also including the headquarters of Corps and Armies.

The State Agencies such as Civil Defense, The National Guard and the Red Cross came in with equipment and personnel, along with church groups and other civic organizations.

After his initial 1948 plan to expand the Army and modernize its equipment was rejected by the Truman Administration, Bradley reacted to the increasingly severe postwar defense department budget cutbacks imposed by Secretary of Defense Louis A. Johnson by publicly supporting Johnson's decisions, going so far as to tell Congress that he would be doing a " disservice to the nation " if he asked for a larger military force.

The United States Department of War — a predecessor of the U. S. Department of Defense — offered military equipment to the university at no charge, forming the basis of the school's Military Tactics department.

A " Barlock " search radar from the Soviet Union was installed to evaluate the Soviet Air Defense System, and electronic warfare using acquired Soviet ground radar equipment was used to test and develop techniques to counter Soviet air defense equipment used by the Warsaw Pact and nations friendly to the Soviets.

The Secretary of the Army ( SA or SECARMY ) is a senior civilian official within the Department of Defense of the United States of America with statutory responsibility for all matters relating to the United States Army: manpower, personnel, reserve affairs, installations, environmental issues, weapons systems and equipment acquisition, communications, and financial management.

Lebanese Defence Minister Elias El Murr met with Russian Defense Minister Anatoly Serdyukov in December 2008, when they discussed the possibility of a transfer of military equipment including T-90 tanks.

Later he outlined the facts about the DoD budget: In real terms it had been reduced by one-third since FY 1968 ; it was one-eighth below the pre-Vietnam War FY 1964 budget ; purchases of equipment, consumables, and R & D were down 45 percent from the wartime peak and about $ 10 billion in constant dollars below the prewar level ; Defense now absorbed about 6 percent of the gross national product, the lowest percentage since before the Korean War ; military manpower was at the lowest point since before the Korean War ; and Defense spending amounted to about 17 percent of total national expenditures, the lowest since before the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941.

Statistically, he is similar to Kamil, but with more HP and Defense, and less MP and speed, and a few differences in equipment / spell selection.

On 10 January 1970, the 1st Tactical Fighter Wing was reassigned without personnel or equipment to MacDill, the wing being transferred from Air Defense Command ( ADC ) to TAC from Hamilton AFB, California.