Determining Y-chromosomal Adam's DNA sequence, and the time when he lived, involves identifying the human Y-chromosome lineages that are most divergent from each other — the lineages that share the least unique mutations with each other when compared to a non-human primate sequence in a phylogenetic tree.

When testing a new medical device for regulatory submission, device manufacturers will usually evaluate the radiocontrast according to ASTM F640 " Standard Test Methods for Determining Radiopacity for Medical Use.

Determining the presence of both parts of this definition is not always straightforward, as hypoglycemic symptoms and effects are vague and can be produced by other conditions ; people with recurrently low glucose levels can lose their threshold symptoms so that severe neuroglycopenic impairment can occur without much warning, and many measurement methods ( especially glucose meters ) are imprecise at low levels.

Determining whether a particular event or proceeding constitutes the commencement of adversarial criminal proceedings requires both an examination of the rules of criminal procedure for the jurisdiction in which the crime is charged and the Supreme Courts cases dealing with the issue of when formal prosecution begins.

* Determining and prioritizing security needs and aligning them with the perceived threats and the available budget.

Determining a precise distance to the LMC, as with any other galaxy, was challenging due to the use of standard candles for calculating distances, with the primary problem being that many of the standard candles are not as ' standard ' as one would like ; in many cases, the age and / or metallicity of the standard candle plays a role in determining the intrinsic luminosity of the object.

In 1811, he published an article with the title Essai d ' une manière de déterminer les masses relatives des molécules élémentaires des corps, et les proportions selon lesquelles elles entrent dans ces combinaisons (" Essay on Determining the Relative Masses of the Elementary Molecules of Bodies and the Proportions by Which They Enter These Combinations "), which contains Avogadro's hypothesis.

Determining latitude was relatively easy in that it could be found from the altitude of the sun at noon with the aid of a table giving the sun's declination for the day.

* Task Allocation and Scheduling: Determining the optimal distribution of tasks amongst a group of agents, with time and equipment constraints

Determining the grazing angle with respect to a planar surface is trivial, but the computation for almost any other surface is significantly more difficult.

Determining the new territory too large to administer as one unit, Britain divided its new southeastern acquisitions into two new colonies separated by the Apalachicola River: East Florida, with its capital in the old Spanish city of St. Augustine, and West Florida, with its capital at Pensacola.

Determining overhead costs often involves making assumptions about what costs should be associated with production activities and what costs should be associated with other activities.

This new system integrates with the various LTA's traffic management existing systems, such as the Green Link Determining System ( GLIDE ), TrafficScan, Expressway Monitoring Advisory System ( EMAS ), Junction Electronic Eyes ( J-Eyes ), and the Electronic Road Pricing system.

Determining an orthogonal transformation to tridiagonal form can be done with the Lanczos algorithm.

Determining the number of men who have ever had sex with another man is difficult.

Determining which contact to communicate with through direct marketing may be difficult.

Determining the head of navigation can be subjective on many streams, as this point may vary greatly with the size of the ship being contemplated for navigation.

He, along with J. Richard Fisher, proposed the now-famous Tully-Fisher relation in a paper, A New Method of Determining Distances to Galaxies, published in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol.

Fisher, along with R. Brent Tully, proposed the now-famous Tully-Fisher relation in the paper, A New Method of Determining Distances to Galaxies ( published in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol.

Determining what rank each pilot would assume in the USAAF had to be negotiated, with most being given a rank equivalent to their RAF rank.

Determining the velocities for the case of one ball striking four " touching " balls is found by modeling the balls as weights with non-traditional springs on their colliding surface.

Determining the point at which a compound is capable of detonating under confinement with thermal stress is useful.

Determining the composition of the Memorial depends on the dates of Nehemiah's mission: It is commonly accepted that " Artaxerxes " was Artaxerxes I ( there were two later kings of the same name ), and that Nehemiah's first period in Jerusalem was therefore 445-433 BC ; allowing for his return to Susa and second journey to Jerusalem, the end of the 5th century BC is therefore the earliest possible date for the Memorial.

Determining what your objectives are is the first step in pricing.

Determining exergy was also the first goal of thermodynamics.

Determining which amino acid forms the N-terminus of a peptide chain is useful for two reasons: to aid the ordering of individual peptide fragments ' sequences into a whole chain, and because the first round of Edman degradation is often contaminated by impurities and therefore does not give an accurate determination of the N-terminal amino acid.

Determining when the first engagement of the United States in World War II occurred depends on the scholar and if such actions led to formal entry of the United States into the conflict.

Determining the class of water damage is an important first step, and will determine the amount and type of equipment utilized to dry-down the structure:.

Determining the differences between the advantages of followers and first-movers may be a conceptual issue, but empirical issues revolve around explicit strategies that first-movers employ to improve upon their advantage of being the first to offer a product.

Determining the power of the young lot, DUFC took a step further.

Determining subcellular localization is important for understanding protein function and is a critical step in genome annotation.

Determining the satisfiability of a formula in conjunctive normal form where each clause is limited to at most three literals is NP-complete ; this problem is called " 3SAT ", " 3CNFSAT ", or " 3-satisfiability ".

Determining the satisfiability of a formula in which each clause is limited to at most two literals is NL-complete ; this problem is called " 2SAT ".

Determining the satisfiability of a formula in which each clause is a Horn clause ( i. e. it contains at most one positive literal ) is P-complete ; this problem is called Horn-satisfiability.

Determining styles in capoeira is a very tough task, since there was never a unity in the original capoeira, or a teaching method before the decade of 1920.

Determining an instance of the membership problem ; i. e. given a string, determine whether where is the language generated by some grammar ; is also known as parsing.

Determining a " country of origin " is thus much more difficult than determining other aspects of a gem ( such as cut, clarity etc.

Determining how many people died in these massacres overall is difficult.

Determining a precise value for a particular knot is difficult because many factors can affect a knot efficiency test: the type of fiber, the style of rope, the size of rope, whether it is wet or dry, how the knot is dressed before loading, how rapidly it is loaded, whether the knot is repeatedly loaded, and so on.

Determining the distances to astronomical objects is crucial to understanding them, but the vast majority of objects are too far away for their distances to be directly determined.

Determining if the customer is likely to return to reclaim an item is a subjective decision, and wily customers may attempt to persuade the pawnshop owner that the item in question is important to them (" that necklace belonged to my grandmother, so I will certainly return for it "), and they will claim that they will return to recover it.