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Page "Diffraction" ¶ 163
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Diffraction and
Diffraction arises because of the way in which waves propagate ; this is described by the Huygens Fresnel principle and the principle of superposition of waves.
* Diffraction approximations illustrated MIT site that illustrates the various approximations in diffraction and intuitively explains the Fraunhofer regime from the perspective of linear system theory.
* DoITPoMS Teaching and Learning Package Diffraction and Imaging
* Leonid A. Bendersky and Frank W. Gayle, " Electron Diffraction Using Transmission Electron Microscopy ", Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, 106 ( 2001 ) pp. 997 1012.
Diffraction

Diffraction and diffraction
Diffraction of a red laser using a diffraction grating
Diffraction from a three dimensional periodic structure such as atoms in a crystal is called Bragg diffraction.
:* Diffraction and wave mechanics, for the science behind characterization systems, e. g., X-ray diffraction ( XRD ) transmission electron microscopy ( TEM )
* Oxford Diffraction, a British company specializing in X-ray diffraction equipment, now part of Varian, Inc.
Diffraction Limit The detail of a physical object that an optical instrument can reproduce in an image has limits that are mandated by inviolate laws of physics, whether formulated by the diffraction equations in the wave theory of light or the Uncertainty Principle for photons in quantum mechanics.
The International Centre for Diffraction Data ( ICDD ) maintains a database of powder diffraction patterns, the Powder Diffraction File ( PDF ), including the d-spacings ( related to angle of diffraction ) and relative intensities of observable diffraction peaks.
The Mission-The International Centre for Diffraction Data will continue to be the world center for quality diffraction and related data to meet the needs of the technical community.
As mentioned above, the Powder Diffraction File contains powder diffraction data and is designed to work with a diffractometer to identify
Diffraction from a sinusoidal modulation in a thin crystal solely results in the m = − 1, 0, + 1 diffraction orders.
Identification is performed by comparison of the diffraction pattern to a known standard or to a database such as the International Centre for Diffraction Data's Powder Diffraction File ( PDF ) or the Cambridge Structural Database ( CSD ).
There are now over 550, 000 reference materials in the 2006 Powder Diffraction File Databases, and these databases are interfaced to a wide variety of diffraction analysis software and distributed globally.

Diffraction and patterns
Diffraction patterns exhibit fivefold, threefold, and twofold symmetries, and reflections are arranged quasiperiodically in three dimensions.
Diffraction patterns can have a large dynamic range, and for crystalline samples, may have intensities greater than those recordable by CCD.
Diffraction patterns from apertures or bodies of known size and shape are compared with the pattern from the object to be measured.

Diffraction and various
Diffraction refers to various phenomena which occur when a wave encounters an obstacle.

Diffraction and apertures
Diffraction is the main effect limiting the sharpness of optical images from lenses that are stopped down to small apertures ( high f-numbers ), while aberrations are the limiting effect at large apertures ( low f-numbers ).

Diffraction and .
and Krieger, I. M., Diffraction of Light by Ordered Suspensions, J. Phys.
Diffraction occurs with all waves, including sound waves, water waves, and electromagnetic waves such as visible light, X-rays and radio waves.
Diffraction in the atmosphere by small particles can cause a bright ring to be visible around a bright light source like the sun or the moon.
Diffraction can occur with any kind of wave.
Diffraction can also be a concern in some technical applications ; it sets a fundamental limit to the resolution of a camera, telescope, or microscope.
Diffraction of electrons and neutrons stood as one of the powerful arguments in favor of quantum mechanics.
Diffraction contrast, in electron microscopes and x-topography devices in particular, is also a powerful tool for examining individual defects and local strain fields in crystals.
* Diffraction and acoustics.
* Diffraction in photography.
* On Diffraction at MathPages.
Diffraction lithography.
* Diffraction limits resolution to approximately 0. 2 micrometres ( see: microscope ).
** Blitzkrieg, 2012, Boardgame, Diffraction Entertainment Ltd, part of the TSWW game system includes Sea Lion scenarios.
On the other hand, Anomalous Diffraction Theory applies to optically soft but larger particles.
Diffraction pattern of a double slit has a single-slit Envelope ( waves ) | envelope.
Diffraction is the fundamental limitation on the resolving power of optical instruments, such as telescopes ( including radiotelescopes ) and microscopes.

Java and applet
* Java applet of Chinese, Japanese and Russian abaci
An applet typically also refers to Java applets, i. e., programs written in the Java programming language that are included in a web page.
When a Java technology-enabled web browser processes a page that contains an applet, the applet's code is transferred to the client's system and executed by the browser's Java Virtual Machine ( JVM ).
A Java applet contains different security models: unsigned Java applet security, signed Java applet security, and self signed Java applet security.
* Java applet
* 2-D wave Java applet Displays diffraction patterns of various slit configurations.
* Greg Egan has an excellent Java applet on his web site that illustrates the apparent difference in group velocity from phase velocity.

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