* Dominance ( ethology )

* Dominance ( ethology )

Two male elands fighting over Dominance ( ethology ) | dominance, Knowsley Safari Park, 9 September 2009

* Dominance ( ethology )

Dominance in ethology is an " individual's preferential access to resources over another ".

simple: Dominance ( ethology )

* Dominance ( economics ), in economics, the degree of inequality in market share distribution

* Dominance ( ecology ), the degree of predominance of one or a few species in an ecological community

* Dominance ( genetics ), a relationship between the effects of different versions of a gene

Dominance is also established through biting ( especially of the ears ), piloerection, aggressive noises, head thrusts, and leaping attacks.

* Claudia Varrin ( 2000 ), Art of Sensual Female Dominance: A Guide for Women.

One Party Country: The Republican Plan for Dominance in the 21st Century ( 2006 ), hostile

( 1993 ), Business Process Reengineering: BreakPoint Strategies for Market Dominance, John Wiley & Sons

* Gareth Porter, Perils Of Dominance: Imbalance Of Power And The Road To War In Vietnam, University of California Press ( June, 2005 ), hardcover, 403 pages, ISBN 0-520-23948-2

Dominance hierarchies occur in most social animal species that normally live in groups, including primates.

Dominance is achieved through aggression and maintained through submissive behaviour.

In addition, the use of such techniques may have more to do with human psychology than with dog behaviour ; " Dominance hierarchies and dominance disputes and testing are a fundamental characteristic of all social groups ...

Dominance in the context of biology and anthropology is the state of having high social status relative to one or more other individuals, who react submissively to dominant individuals.

Dominance typically occurs when one of the two alleles is non-functional at the molecular level, that is, it is not transcribed or else does not produce a protein product.

Psychologist Felicia Pratto and her colleagues have found evidence to support the idea that a high Social Dominance Orientation ( SDO ) is strongly correlated with conservative political views, and opposition to social engineering to promote equality, though Pratto's findings have been highly controversial.

* Dominance hierarchy or social hierarchy, an organizational form by which individuals within a community control the distribution of resources within the community

Other prominent theories relating to intergroup conflict include Social Dominance Theory, and social -/ Self-categorization Theory.

Dominance can be measured by the number of times that individuals defer to one another in social interactions, by the length of time that resources are preferentially accessed, by the number / intensity of threats given or other agonistic ( competitive ) behaviours.

This is seen as an exception to Mendel's Law of Dominance, because in this case the red and white genes are of equal strength, so none completely dominates the other.

Dominance hierarchies can be simple linear structures, which often arise from the physical differences among individuals in a group in relation to their access to resources.

The most basic interaction that establishes a Dominance Hierarchy is the dyad, or paired interaction among individuals.

Dominance and its organisation can be highy variable depending on the context or individuals involved.

In the science of ethology ( the study of animal behaviour ), and more generally in the study of social evolution, altruism refers to behaviour by an individual that increases the fitness of another individual while decreasing the fitness of the actor.

The term ethology derives from the Greek word èthos ( ήθος ), meaning character.

Although animal behavior had been studied since the time of Aristotle ( 384-342 BC ), it was not until the early twentieth century that ethology finally became distinguished from natural science ( a strictly descriptive field ) and ecology.

His early professional interest, involving the behavioral ecology of fish, was the basis of his work as an assistant professor of ethology at San Diego State University ( 1968-1970 ), after which he joined the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, as an assistant scientist.

To formulate a comprehensive theory of the nature of early attachments, Bowlby explored a range of fields, including evolutionary biology, object relations theory ( a branch of psychoanalysis ), control systems theory, and the fields of ethology and cognitive psychology.

CogPrints is an electronic archive in which authors can self-archive papers in any area of Cognitive Science, including Psychology, Neuroscience, and Linguistics, and many areas of Computer Science ( e. g., artificial intelligence, robotics, vision, learning, speech, neural networks ), Philosophy ( e. g., mind, language, knowledge, science, logic ), Biology ( e. g., ethology, behavioral ecology, sociobiology, behaviour genetics, evolutionary theory ), Medicine ( e. g., Psychiatry, Neurology, human genetics, imaging ), Anthropology ( e. g., primatology, cognitive ethnology, archeology, paleontology ), as well as any other portions of the physical, social and mathematical sciences that are pertinent to the study of cognition.

* Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire ( 1805-1861 ), French zoologist who coined the term ethology, son of Étienne Saint-Hilaire

* Imprinting ( psychology ), in psychology and ethology

Later in his career he would work extensively in the areas of animal behavior ( ethology ), learning, and memory.

In the science of ethology ( the study of behavior ), and more generally in the study of social evolution, on occasion, some animals do behave in ways that reduce their individual fitness but increase the fitness of other individuals in the population ; this is a functional definition of altruism.

The fusion of cognitive science and classical ethology into cognitive ethology " emphasizes observing animals under more-or-less natural conditions, with the objective of understanding the evolution, adaptation ( function ), causation, and development of the species-specific behavioral repertoire "-( Niko Tinbergen 1963 ).

In ethology, a fixed action pattern ( FAP ), or modal action pattern, is an instinctive behavioral sequence that is indivisible and runs to completion.

* Konrad Lorenz ( 1903 – 1989 ), Austrian zoologist and co-Founder of ethology, winner of the Nobel Prize in 1973

The broad field of animal communication encompasses most of the issues in ethology.

The study of animal communication, called zoosemiotics ( distinguishable from anthroposemiotics, the study of human communication ) has played an important part in the development of ethology, sociobiology, and the study of animal cognition.

This included books on animal behavior / ethology, sensory perception, motivation and cognition.

Although many naturalists have studied aspects of animal behaviour throughout history, the modern discipline of ethology is generally considered to have begun during the 1930s with the work of Dutch biologist Nikolaas Tinbergen and Austrian biologists Konrad Lorenz and Karl von Frisch, joint winners of the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Understanding ethology, or animal behaviourism, is very important in animal training.

Comparative psychology also studies animal behaviour, but, as opposed to ethology, is construed as a sub-topic of psychology rather than as one of biology.

Historically, where comparative psychology researches animal behaviour in the context of what is known about human psychology, ethology researches animal behaviour in the context of what is known about animal anatomy, physiology, neurobiology, and phylogenetic history.

During this time period Jaynes made significant contributions in the fields of animal behavior and ethology.

The Great apes have always been more ( Bonobo, Homo, Pan ) or less ( Gorilla, Pongo ) social animals, so Robinson Crusoe-like situations are either fictions or unusual corner cases to the ubiquity of social context for humans, who fall between presocial and eusocial in the spectrum of animal ethology.

At a time when animal thinking was a topic deemed unfit for serious research, Griffin became a pioneer in the field of cognitive ethology, starting research in 1978 that studied how animals think.

Jordi Sabater Pi ( August 2, 1922-August 5, 2009 ) was a Catalan primatologist and worldwide specialist in ethology ( the study of animal behavior ) and the discoverer of cultural behaviors of several species, including the use of tools by chimpanzees.

It has developed out of comparative psychology, including the study of animal conditioning and learning, but has also been strongly influenced by research in ethology, behavioral ecology, and evolutionary psychology.

The alternative name cognitive ethology is therefore sometimes used ; much of what used to be considered under the title of animal intelligence is now thought of under this heading.

The study of animal communication — sometimes called Zoosemiotics ( defined as the study of sign communication or semiosis in animals ; distinguishable from anthroposemiotics, the study of human communication ) — has played an important part in the methodology of ethology, sociobiology, and the study of animal cognition.

In ethology the term territory refers to any sociographical area that an animal of a particular species consistently defends against conspecifics ( and, occasionally, animals of other species ).

Evans argues that Lacan's earliest versions of the mirror stage, while flawed, can be regarded as a bold pioneering in the field of ethology ( the study of animal behavior ) and a precursor of both cognitive psychology and evolutionary psychology.

In the 1930s, zoologists were increasingly interested in the then-new field of ethology, but not until the 1960s would the larger scientific community believe that animal behavior offered any insights into human behavior.

While some of these traits distinguish Homo sapiens from other species in their degree of articulation in language based culture, some have analogues in animal ethology.