The German Army, Navy, Air Force, Nazi party, Gestapo, and German diplomats all used Enigma machines, but there were several variants.

For instance, the Abwehr ( the German military intelligence service ) used a four-rotor machine without a plugboard, and Naval Enigma used different key management from that of the Army or Air Force, making its traffic far more difficult to cryptanalyse.

The Japanese are said to have obtained an Enigma machine as early as 1937, although it is debated whether they were given it by their German ally or bought a commercial version which, except for plugboard and internal wirings, was essentially the German Army / Air Force machine.

The German Navy's Enigma ciphers were considerably more secure than those of the German Army or Air Force, which had been well penetrated by 1940.

This Microverse is also the " birthplace " of the Enigma Force which regularly manifests itself on Earth in the form of Captain Universe.

Biotron is destroyed by Dagon-an agent of Karza ; Bug's Queen dies in battle ; Rann is rendered comatose and Acroyear's traitorous brother Shaitan dies summoning the Worldmind-the parallel power to the Enigma Force that sustains their own homeworld.

Welchman was head of Hut Six, the section at Bletchley Park responsible for breaking German Army and Air Force Enigma ciphers.

Bletchley Park is mainly remembered for breaking messages enciphered on the German Enigma cypher machine, but its greatest cryptographic achievement may have been the breaking of the German on-line teleprinter Lorenz cipher ( known at GC & CS as Tunny ).

An Enigma machine is any of a family of related electro-mechanical rotor cipher machines used for the encryption and decryption of secret messages.

On board is the latest Enigma cryptography machine which Allied cryptographers later use to break coded German messages.

; Exploration / Enigma: Something unexplained is going on, and the players are sent to find out what it is.

In the film, a World War II German submarine is boarded in 1942 by disguised United States Navy submariners seeking to capture her Enigma cipher machine.

On board is the latest Enigma cryptography machine, which Allied cryptographers later use to break coded German messages.

One of his Enigma Variations was inspired by a bulldog named Dan falling into the River Wye at Hereford, and the dog is similarly honoured with a wooden statue beside the river.

Mannequins, flat irons, sewing machines, needles, pins, threads, swatches of fabric, and other items related to tailoring appear in almost every medium of his work .< ref name = HeydJewishID > Milly Heyd ; " Man Ray / Emmanuel Rudnitsky: Who is Behind the Enigma of Isidore Ducasse?

His Gift readymade ( 1921 ) is a flatiron with metal tacks attached to the bottom, and Enigma of Isidore Ducasse is an unseen object ( a sewing machine ) wrapped in cloth and tied with cord.

" Man Ray / Emmanuel Radnitsky: Who is Behind the Enigma of Isidore Ducasse?

* Robert Harris has written four historical novels so far: Enigma, which is set during World War II As well as Pompeii, Imperium and Lustrum, which are set in Ancient Rome.

36, commonly referred to as the Enigma Variations, is a set of a theme and its fourteen variations written for orchestra by Edward Elgar in 1898 – 1899.

Julian Rushton suggests that any solution must satisfy five criteria, three of which stemming from the above quotations: a " dark saying " must be involved ; the theme " is not played "; the theme should be " well known ", as Elgar stated multiple times ; Dora Penny ( to whom Elgar also wrote the Dorabella Cipher ) should have been, " of all people ," the one to solve the Enigma ; and finally, the details mentioned in the notes accompanying the pianola rolls may be part of the solution.

Of the musical themes suggested as the Enigma, one of the most frequently proposed is the Scottish song " Auld Lang Syne ", which has been favoured by Elgar's friend Richard Powell ( husband of Dorabella ), the musicologist Roger Fiske, and the writer Eric Sams.

Edwards wrote, " In connection with these much discussed Variations, Mr Elgar tells us that the heading Enigma is justified by the fact that it is possible to add another phrase, which is quite familiar, above the original theme that he has written.

The real theme of the Enigma Variations which is present everywhere throughout the work in different shapes, is rather short: it consists of only nine notes ( the first nine notes of Nimrod with added crotchet rests ) on the rhythm of Edward Elgar ’ s own name (" short-short-long-long ", and the reverse of it, " long-long-short-short " and an endnote ).

He composed his “ Elgar-theme ” as a countermelody to the beginning of the mysterious “ principal Theme ” which is “ not played ” in the Enigma Variations.

Only general traits of the machine were suspected, from the example of the commercial Enigma variant, which the Germans were known to have been using diplomatically.

It has also been suggested that the operation may have partially been a disinformation exercise, nominally to detect suspected German naval replenishment activity-information which was, in fact, being obtained from the cracking of the Enigma machine.

Used properly, the German military Enigma would have been virtually unbreakable ; in practice, shortcomings in operation allowed it to be broken.

The capture, rather than sinking, of U-570 – the only ship to be captured by an aircraft – on 27 August 1941 by a Lockheed Hudson from RAF Coastal Command was important for determining the fighting capacity of U-boats, although her crew destroyed the Enigma and cipher information.

Garbo's encrypted radio reports would be received in Madrid, manually decrypted, and re-encrypted with an Enigma machine for transmission to Berlin.

* Unlike Enigma, Typex I machines were linked to teleprinters while Typex II machines could be if required.

* Enigma messages had to be written, enciphered, transmitted ( by Morse ), received, deciphered, and written again, while Typex messages were typed and automatically enciphered and transmitted all in one step, with the reverse also true.

In response to protests from other senior officers that something was amiss as proven by the loss of the entire supply ship network in early 1941, in the middle of 1941 and again in the middle of 1942, Raeder ordered investigations into the security of German codes, but in both cases, it was concluded that the British were not reading German codes because the Enigma machine was considered to be unbreakable.

Bletchley Park in Buckinghamshire enabled the Enigma machine to be cracked during the Second World War.

In his 1953 book, The Oak Island Enigma: A History and Inquiry Into the Origin of the Money Pit, Penn Leary believed that English philosopher Francis Bacon used the pit to hide documents proving him to be the author of William Shakespeare's plays.

Norman Del Mar speculates that “ there would be considerable loss if the solution were to be found, much of the work ’ s attraction lying in the impenetrability of the riddle itself ”, that interest in the work would not be as strong had the Enigma been solved during Elgar's lifetime.

The pianist Joseph Cooper proposed the theory that the theme may be based on part of Mozart's " Prague " Symphony, which was on the programme at the " Enigma " Variations ' premiere in 1899.

Enigma was initially " going to be the launch book of Touchmark ," but became the second new Vertigo title, written by the author Shade, the Changing Man, and drawn by the artist from Grant Morrison's earlier Kid Eternity miniseries.

" An Enigma ", " A Social Eddy ", " Reflections ", " If music be the food of love, play on!

In the case of the famous Enigma machine, these attacks were supposed to be upset by periodically moving the rotors to random locations, once for each new message.

This, however, proved not to be random enough, and the Enigma was being broken with relative ease late in the war.

His lavish tomb bears a Latin inscription that may be translated as " The Enigma of the World ".

" The first concert included Elgar's Enigma Variations, in which Cardus judged Monteux to be more faithful to Elgar's conception than English conductors generally were.

In order to be as easy to decipher as encipher, some rotor machines, most notably the Enigma machine, were designed to be symmetrical, i. e., encrypting twice with the same settings recovers the original message ( see involution ).

The Nazis had suspicions, but believed Enigma to be unbreakable, and never knew during the war that the Allies were reading a high proportion of their wireless traffic.