He devised a number of techniques for breaking German ciphers, including the method of the bombe, an electromechanical machine that could find settings for the Enigma machine.

Bletchley Park is mainly remembered for breaking messages enciphered on the German Enigma cypher machine, but its greatest cryptographic achievement may have been the breaking of the German on-line teleprinter Lorenz cipher ( known at GC & CS as Tunny ).

In 1929 the Polish mathematician Marian Rejewski, who would solve the German Enigma cipher machine in December 1932, began studying actuarial statistics at Göttingen.

Military Enigma machine

During the Second World War, GCCS was based largely at Bletchley Park in present-day Milton Keynes working on, most famously, the German Enigma machine and Lorenz ciphers, but also a large number of other systems.

The German encryption machine, Enigma, was attacked with the help of electro-mechanical machines called bombes.

Turing's information unit, the ban, was used in the Ultra project, breaking the German Enigma machine code and hastening the end of WWII in Europe.

* M4 ( cipher ), a variant of the Enigma machine

On board is the latest Enigma cryptography machine which Allied cryptographers later use to break coded German messages.

Much of the German cipher traffic was encrypted on the Enigma machine.

For instance, the Abwehr ( the German military intelligence service ) used a four-rotor machine without a plugboard, and Naval Enigma used different key management from that of the Army or Air Force, making its traffic far more difficult to cryptanalyse.

Former Bletchley Park mathematician-cryptologist Gordon Welchman has written: " Ultra would never have gotten off the ground if we had not learned from the Poles, in the nick of time, the details both of the German military Enigma machine, and of the operating procedures that were in use.

It produced a polyalphabetic substitution cipher, but unlike the Enigma machines, it was not a rotor machine, being built around electrical stepping switches.

The Japanese are said to have obtained an Enigma machine as early as 1937, although it is debated whether they were given it by their German ally or bought a commercial version which, except for plugboard and internal wirings, was essentially the German Army / Air Force machine.

In the film, a World War II German submarine is boarded in 1942 by disguised United States Navy submariners seeking to capture her Enigma cipher machine.

An earlier military Enigma machine had been captured by Polish Intelligence in 1928 ; Polish intelligence broke the Enigma code in 1932 and gave their findings to Britain and France in 1939, just before the German invasion of Poland.

The first capture of a Naval Enigma machine and associated cipher keys from a U-boat were made on May 9, 1941 by HMS Bulldog of Britain's Royal Navy, commanded by Captain Joe Baker-Cresswell.

* Imperial War Museum description of the capture of the Enigma machine

Most major belligerents attempted to solve the problems of complexity and security presented by using large codebooks for cryptography with the use of ciphering machines, the most well known being the German Enigma machine.

Garbo's encrypted radio reports would be received in Madrid, manually decrypted, and re-encrypted with an Enigma machine for transmission to Berlin.

On board is the latest Enigma cryptography machine, which Allied cryptographers later use to break coded German messages.

* Enigma Force is suspected to be connected to the Microverse, and is also the source to the Uni-Power, which transforms an individual into Captain Universe.

; Exploration / Enigma: Something unexplained is going on, and the players are sent to find out what it is.

One of his Enigma Variations was inspired by a bulldog named Dan falling into the River Wye at Hereford, and the dog is similarly honoured with a wooden statue beside the river.

Mannequins, flat irons, sewing machines, needles, pins, threads, swatches of fabric, and other items related to tailoring appear in almost every medium of his work .< ref name = HeydJewishID > Milly Heyd ; " Man Ray / Emmanuel Rudnitsky: Who is Behind the Enigma of Isidore Ducasse?

His Gift readymade ( 1921 ) is a flatiron with metal tacks attached to the bottom, and Enigma of Isidore Ducasse is an unseen object ( a sewing machine ) wrapped in cloth and tied with cord.

" Man Ray / Emmanuel Radnitsky: Who is Behind the Enigma of Isidore Ducasse?

* Robert Harris has written four historical novels so far: Enigma, which is set during World War II As well as Pompeii, Imperium and Lustrum, which are set in Ancient Rome.

36, commonly referred to as the Enigma Variations, is a set of a theme and its fourteen variations written for orchestra by Edward Elgar in 1898 – 1899.

Julian Rushton suggests that any solution must satisfy five criteria, three of which stemming from the above quotations: a " dark saying " must be involved ; the theme " is not played "; the theme should be " well known ", as Elgar stated multiple times ; Dora Penny ( to whom Elgar also wrote the Dorabella Cipher ) should have been, " of all people ," the one to solve the Enigma ; and finally, the details mentioned in the notes accompanying the pianola rolls may be part of the solution.

Of the musical themes suggested as the Enigma, one of the most frequently proposed is the Scottish song " Auld Lang Syne ", which has been favoured by Elgar's friend Richard Powell ( husband of Dorabella ), the musicologist Roger Fiske, and the writer Eric Sams.

Edwards wrote, " In connection with these much discussed Variations, Mr Elgar tells us that the heading Enigma is justified by the fact that it is possible to add another phrase, which is quite familiar, above the original theme that he has written.

The real theme of the Enigma Variations which is present everywhere throughout the work in different shapes, is rather short: it consists of only nine notes ( the first nine notes of Nimrod with added crotchet rests ) on the rhythm of Edward Elgar ’ s own name (" short-short-long-long ", and the reverse of it, " long-long-short-short " and an endnote ).

He composed his “ Elgar-theme ” as a countermelody to the beginning of the mysterious “ principal Theme ” which is “ not played ” in the Enigma Variations.

Churchill wanted to protect any information that had been uncovered by the code breakers so that the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht would not suspect that their Enigma machines were compromised.

Enigma really is not known for any mystery, and does not have anyone famous from it except for Bobby Rowan, former senator in the Georgia Senate and Naomi Sego, a gospel singer.

Enigma consists of approximately 1000 levels, known as ‘ landscapes ’ which may be played in any order.

* Enigma machine, any of a family of related electro-mechanical rotor machines used for the encryption and decryption of secret messages during World War II

A standard German Enigma employed, at any one time, a set of three rotors each of which could be set in any of 26 positions.

Five weeks before the outbreak of World War II, on 25 July 1939, in Warsaw, the Polish Cipher Bureau revealed its Enigma-decryption techniques and equipment to representatives of French and British military intelligence, which had been unable to make any headway against Enigma.

Although Enigma software group allows a free download, if any virus or spyware are found with an unregistered version of the program, removal is not allowed until the full product is purchased.