Prior to Montaigne's time, humanists such as Pico della Mirandola had argued that man was God's greatest creation, made in God's image and able to choose his own nature, but this view was subsequently challenged in Michel de Montaigne's Essais of 1580.

* Essais de linguistique générale, Roman Jakobson

Gottfried Leibniz introduced the term theodicy in his 1710 work Essais de Théodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de l ' homme et l ' origine du mal (" Theodicic Essays on the Benevolence of God, the Free will of man, and the Origin of Evil ") which was directed mainly against Bayle.

The term theodicy was coined by German philosopher Gottfried Leibniz in his 1710 work, written in French, Essais de Théodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de l ' homme et l ' origine du mal ( Theodicy: Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil ).

# La place de l ’ Apologie pour Hérodote d ’ Henri Estienne dans les Essais de Montaigne, Bulletin de la société internationale des Amis de Montaigne, n ° 15-16, juil .- déc.

* Michael Riffaterre, Essais de stylistique structurale, Paris: Flammarion, 1992, ISBN 2-08-210168-1 ;

* Essais sur la géographie minéralogique des environs de Paris, avec une carte géognostique et des coupes de terrain, with Alexandre Brongniart ( 1811 )

** Michel de Montaigne-Les Essais (" Essais ")

* Essais de morale et de critique ( 1859 )

Most of the articles which he contributed to various reviews and to the Temps newspaper have been collected into volumes: Essais d ' histoire et de critique ( 1883 ), Lectures historiques ( 1894 ), Nouveaux essais d ' histoire et de critique ( 1898 ), Etudes de littérature et d ' histoire ( 1901 ).

* Essais de critique et d ' histoire ( 1857 )

* Essais de philosophie critique ( 1864 )

Meanwhile he was making a name in literary journalism, and in 1883 he published Essais de psychologie contemporaine, studies of eminent writers first printed in the Nouvelle Revue, and now brought together.

Important minor works are Essais historiques, published in French under the auspices of Frederick the Great ( Berlin, 1780 ); Reisen der Päpste ( new ed., Aix-la-Chapelle, 1831 ; French translation, 1859 ), written against the anti-papal reforms of Joseph II, although he was a Protestant ; and Vierundzwanzig Bücher allgemeiner Geschichten, lectures delivered in Switzerland ( 3 vols., Tübingen, 1811 ; often republished ).

* A. Thomas, Essais de philologie française ( 1897 );

Besides his Essais historiques ... and his political pamphlets, he was the author of Coup d ' oeil philosophique sur le regne de Saint Louis ( 1786 ); L ' Armée française ( 1788 ); La Bastille dévoilée ( 1789 ); La Police de Paris dévoilée ( 1791 ); and Lettres sur la Révolution ( 1792 ).

Besides the above-mentioned works, he wrote: Essais de zoologie generale ( 1841 ); Vie Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire ( 1847 ); Acclimatation et domestication des animaux utiles ( 1849 ); Lettres sur les substances alimentaires et particulièrement sur la viande de cheval ( 1856 ); and Histoire naturelle générale des règnes organiques ( 3 vols., 1854-1862 ), which was not quite completed.

In addition, it also includes EPNER ( École du Personnel Navigant d ’ Essais et de Réception ); test facilities for DGA, Dassault Aviation, SNECMA, Thales and some aeronautical units of the French Navy.

* Gustave Cahen, Eugene Boudin ( Paris, 1899 ); Arsène Alexandre, Essais ; Frederick Wedmore, Whistler and Others ( 1906 ).

Besides numerous articles in the Memoirs of the Royal Society of London, the Mémoires de l ' Institut, the Mémoires de la Societé d ' Agriculture de Caen, and in other periodical collections, he published separately Essais historiques sur les Bardes, les Jongleurs, et les Trouvères normands et anglo-normands ( 3 vols., 1834 ), and Recherches historiques sur la Prairie de Caen ( 1837 ); and after his death appeared Mémoires historiques sur le palinod de Caen ( 1841 ), Recherches sur la tapisserie de Bayeux ( 1841 ), and Nouveaux Essais historiques sur la ville de Caen ( 1842 ).

Émile Montégut translated Essais de philosophie américaine ( 1850 ) from Ralph Waldo Emerson ; Revolution de 1688 ( 2 vols.

Diderot's Essais sur la peinture was described by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, as " a magnificent work, which speaks even more helpfully to the poet than to the painter, though to the painter too it is as a blazing torch.

His son, Gilbert Augustin Thierry ( 1843 – 1915 ), who began a literary career by articles on Les Révolutions d ' Angleterre ( 1864 ) and some Essais d ' histoire religieuse ( 1867 ), afterwards confined himself to the writing of novels.

His Essais sur la peinture was described by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, as " a magnificent work, which speaks even more helpfully to the poet than to the painter, though to the painter too it is as a blazing torch.

Essais de Théodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de l ' homme et l ' origine du mal ( French: Essays of theodicy on the goodness of God, the freedom of man and the origin of evil ), more simply known as Théodicée, is a book of philosophy by the German polymath Gottfried Leibniz.

The phrase " the best of all possible worlds " (; ) was coined by the German polymath Gottfried Leibniz in his 1710 work Essais de Théodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de l ' homme et l ' origine du mal ( Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man and the Origin of Evil ).

The rest of his life was one long struggle with ill-health, poverty and neglect ; and he is alluded to with sorrowful regret by Montaigne in one of his Essais ( i. 34 ), as having, like Sebastian Castalio, ended his days in utter destitution.

In 1909, Charles Bally's Traité de stylistique française had proposed stylistics as a distinct academic discipline to complement Saussurean linguistics.

* Le Style des Pleiades de Gobineau: Essai d ' application d ' une methode stylistique ( 1957 ); doctoral dissertation

Le mythe de Tirésias: essai d ' analyse structurale ( Leiden: Brill ) Structural analysis by a follower of Claude Lévi-Strauss and a repertory of literary references and works of art in an iconographical supplement.

Éleménts de syntaxe structurale.

Éleménts de syntaxe structurale.

His major work Éléments de syntaxe structurale was published posthumously in 1959 – he died in 1954.

Éleménts de syntaxe structurale.

The dependency relation was first acknowledged concretely and developed as the basis for a comprehensive theory of syntax and grammar by Lucien Tesnière in his posthumously published work Éléments de syntaxe structurale ( Elements of Structural Syntax ).

Éleménts de syntaxe structurale.

Éleménts de syntaxe structurale.

The notion of valency first appeared as a comprehensive concept in Tesnière's posthumously published book ( 1959 ) Éléments de syntaxe structurale ( Elements of structural syntax ).

Éleménts de syntaxe structurale.

* Lucien Tesnière, Éléments de syntaxe structurale, in French 1959, 2nd ed.

Éleménts de syntaxe structurale.