For example, one of IBM's FORTRAN compilers ( H Extended IUP ) had a level of optimization which reordered the machine code instructions to keep multiple internal arithmetic units busy simultaneously.

* FORTRAN ( G, H, VS, WATFOR, WATFIV )

In the original FORTRAN programming language ( for example ), string literals were written in so-called Hollerith notation, where a decimal count of the number of characters was followed by the letter H, and then the characters of the string:

Taking advantage of this feature, some languages ( like FORTRAN 77 ) specify that array indices begin at 1, as in mathematical tradition ; while other languages ( like Fortran 90, Pascal and Algol ) let the user choose the minimum value for each index.

Fortran ( previously FORTRAN ) is a general-purpose, imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing.

and processing of character-based data ( FORTRAN 77 ), array programming, modular programming and generic programming ( Fortran 90 ), high performance Fortran ( Fortran 95 ), object-oriented programming ( Fortran 2003 ) and concurrent programming ( Fortran 2008 ).

Because the capitalization was never completely consistent in actual usage, this article adopts the convention of using the all-caps FORTRAN in referring to versions of FORTRAN through FORTRAN 77 and the title-caps Fortran in referring to versions of Fortran from Fortran 90 onward.

This convention is reflected in the capitalization of FORTRAN in the ANSI X3. 9-1966 ( FORTRAN 66 ) and ANSI X3. 9-1978 ( FORTRAN 77 ) standards and the title caps Fortran in the ANSI X3. 198-1992 ( Fortran 90 ), ISO / IEC 1539-1: 1997 ( Fortran 95 ) and ISO / IEC 1539-1: 2004 ( Fortran 2003 ) standards.

GRAPHICS / 1000 was a FORTRAN 5 character name implementation of AGL, which was based on the HP 9830 graphics commands.

Her work included research on the productivity of the algal component of cold desert soil crusts in the Great Basin Desert south of Snowville, Utah ; algal removal with intermittent sand filtration and prediction of minimum river flow necessary to maintain certain game fish ; the effects of increased salinity and oil shale leachates on freshwater phytoplankton productivity ; development of the Surface Impoundment Assessment document and computer program ( FORTRAN ) for current and future processing of data from surface impoundments in Utah ; and design and implementation of an algal bioassay center and a workshop for bioassay techniques for the Intermountain West.

ALGOL 58 saw some implementation effort at IBM, but the effort was in competition with FORTRAN, and soon abandoned.

One implementation of FORTRAN included it, under the name "", as a debugging aid, with dire warnings against using it in production code.

WATFIV, or WATerloo FORTRAN IV, developed at the University of Waterloo, Canada is an implementation of the Fortran computer programming language.

The OS's name is a portmanteau of SINTEF and FORTRAN, Fortran being the implementation language.

It was designed to avoid some of the perceived problems with FORTRAN for backward compatibility with historic Buran ( spacecraft ) ALGOL software.

The earliest high-level programming languages, including FORTRAN ( 1957 ), COBOL ( 1960 ), and ALGOL 60 ( 1960 ), had support for multi-dimensional arrays, and so has C ( 1972 ).

The language was based on FORTRAN II, with some influences from ALGOL 60 and with additions to make it suitable for timesharing.

His " Software Tools " series spread the essence of ' C / Unix thinking ' with makeovers for BASIC, FORTRAN, and Pascal-and most notably his ' Ratfor ' ( rational FORTRAN ) was put in the public domain.

The first manual for FORTRAN appeared in October 1956, with the first FORTRAN compiler delivered in April 1957.

The FORTRAN system was designed for a more complex machine than the 650, and consequently some of the 32 statements found in the FORTRAN Programmer's Reference Manual are not acceptable to the FOR TRANSIT system.

However, none of these restrictions make a source program written for FOR TRANSIT incompatible with the FORTRAN system for the 704.

Ratfor and Ratfiv, for example, implemented a C-like language, outputting preprocessed code in standard FORTRAN 66.

During the standards committee battle over whether the " minimum trip count " for the FORTRAN 77 < CODE > DO </ CODE > statement should be zero ( allowing no execution of the block ) or one ( the " plunge-ahead " < CODE > DO </ CODE >), another facetious alternative was proposed ( by Loren Meissner ) to have the minimum trip be two — since there is no need for a loop if it is only executed once.

* Online FORTRAN compiler for small experiments

Unlike other process VMs, these systems do not provide a specific programming language, but are embedded in an existing language ; typically such a system provides bindings for several languages ( e. g., C and FORTRAN ).

The FORTRAN version was also included in the distribution media for some Data General operating systems.

* April – IBM sells the first compiler for the FORTRAN scientific programming language.

It may have been derived from the earlier principle of using the first letter of a variable name to set its type — for example, variables whose names started with letters I through N in FORTRAN are integers by default.

Ken Williams, a programmer for IBM, bought an Apple II microcomputer with which he planned to use to develop a FORTRAN compiler for the Apple II.

The programming languages FORTRAN and LISP were first developed for the 704, as was MUSIC, the first computer music program by Max Mathews.

* 1993: John Backus for his development of FORTRAN, the first widely used, general purpose, high-level computer language.

" FOR TRANSIT " was the name of a reduced version of the IBM 704 FORTRAN language,

The system nucleus ( kernel ) was written in IBM / 370 assembler but most of the native applications were written in FORTRAN.

# REDIRECT IBM 700 / 7000 series # FORTRAN assembly program

The " Compatible " in the name refers to compatibility with the standard batch processing OS for the IBM 7094, the FORTRAN Monitor System ( FMS )

The game was also ported to Prime Computer's super-mini running PRIMOS in the late 1970s, utilising FORTRAN IV, and to IBM mainframes running VM / CMS in late 1978, utilizing PL / I.

The PALASM compiler was written by MMI in FORTRAN IV on an IBM 370 / 168.

* FORTRAN Assembly Program, the macro assembler for some IBM mainframe computers

In 1974, Kruchten started working as a FORTRAN programmer in a French computer firm, stationed for three months at IBM in London.

Jarvis's first encounter with computers came while he was in high school attending a one-day course on FORTRAN programming given by IBM.

Later the systems gained a wide range of languages including COBOL and FORTRAN, Pascal, C, and even a version of RPG to assist in winning business away from IBM.

The PALASM compiler was written by MMI in FORTRAN IV on an IBM 370 / 168.

Fortunately, most of this was invisible to programmers using high-level languages like COBOL or FORTRAN, and IBM aided the transition with dual mode hardware for a period of time.