The hills of the Franconian Jura in the south mark the border with the Upper Bavarian region ( Altbayern ), historic Swabia, and the Danube basin.

The Red Main rises in the Franconian Jura mountain range, in length, and runs through Creussen and Bayreuth.

* to the West is Franconian Jura ( Fränkische Jura )

Bayreuth (; ) is a sizeable town in northern Bavaria, Germany, on the Red Main river in a valley between the Franconian Jura and the Fichtelgebirge Mountains.

* Franconian Jura, a mountain range in southeastern Germany

In Germany, the Jura is lower in altitude, stretching into Bavaria in the Swabian and Franconian plateaus.

The name Jura (, related to Jurassic ) derives from the Jura mountains, of which the Swabian and Franconian plateaux are geographically part.

The word Alb functions as a proper noun referring more or less exclusively to the Swabian and the Franconian Jura () areas however, and as such has no direct translation into most other languages.

West of the river the land rises to the Franconian Jura, while there are gentle hills on the eastern side in the angle between Naab and Vils.

Important geotopes are found at the Swabian Alb, mainly in valleys at the foremost northwest ridge of the cuesta ; in many valleys of the eroded periphery of the karstic Franconian Jura ; at the northern Alpine foothills ; and the northern Karst Alps.

The Franconian Jura (,, ) is an upland in Bavaria, Germany.

Large portions of the Franconian Jura are part of the Altmühl Valley Nature Park.

Geologically, the Franconian Jura is the eastern continuation of the Swabian Jura.

The northern part of the Franconian Jura is known as Little Switzerland ().

A belemnoid fossil from the Franconian Jura.

Located between the Pegnitz River in the east and the south, the Regnitz River in the west and the Main River in the north, its relief, which reaches 600 metres in height, forms the northern part of the Franconian Jura ( Frankenjura ).

Königsfeld lies in the Upper Franconia-West region between the cities of Bamberg and Bayreuth at the source of the river Aufseß in the Franconian Jura, on the edge of the “ Franconian Switzerland ”.

It then follows the main ridge of the Swabian and Franconian Jura with the crossing of the Rhine – Main – Danube Canal northeastwards up to the Fichtelgebirge and southeastwards along the Bohemian Forest, forming the border between Germany and the Austrian Mühlviertel and Waldviertel regions with the Czech Republic, where the large Bohemian basin is drained by the Elbe River.

A special Franconian beer route ( Fränkische Brauereistraße ) leads along popular breweries.

They were a member of the Fränkische Grafenkolleg (" Franconian Counts College ").

In 1829, a book by German salesman and local historian Joseph Heller, Muggendorf und seine Umgebung oder die Fränkische Schweiz ( Muggendorf and its surrounding or the Franconian Switzerland ) was published.

The Franconian Switzerland Steam Railway ( Dampfbahn Fränkische Schweiz ) or DFS is a museum railway based in Ebermannstadt that operates steam and diesel specials on Sundays and on public holidays.

One derivation is that it derives from Old French patoier meaning " to gesticulate, handle clumsily, to paw ", from pate " paw ", from Low Franconian * patta " paw, sole of the foot " +-ois, a linguistic suffix similar to English-ish /- ese.

Allodium, meaning " land exempt from feudal duties ", is first attested in English-language texts in the 12th-century Domesday Book, but was borrowed from Old Low Franconian * allōd, meaning " full property ", and attested in Latin as e. g., alodis, alaudes, in the Salic law ( ca.

Locals nickname it Berch, which is the Franconian pronunciation of the German word Berg, meaning mountain or hill.

Rollo is also known in the documents as Radulf ( us ) ( Old Low Franconian ) ( or sometimes Rodulf ( us )) > French Raoul, that is the French translation of Hróðulfr > Hrólfr, according to the Low Franconian variant form Radulf of Germanic Rodulf / Rudolf .</ ref >

It is known as Lorraine Franconian in English, francique or platt ( lorrain ) in French ( not to be confused with Lorrain, the Romance dialect spoken in the region ).

Like most of France's regional languages ( such as Breton, Provençal and Alsatian ) Lorraine Franconian was largely replaced by French with the advent of mandatory public schooling in the 19th and 20th centuries.

180, 000 French troops began to cross the Franconian forest on October 2, 1806, deployed in a bataillon-carré ( square-battalion ) system designed to meet threats from any possible direction.

The word quiche comes from French, which ultimately borrowed the word from Lorraine Franconian Küeche ‘ cake ’ ( cf.

Central Franconian typically unrounded the ü () and shifted the fricative " ch " () to " sh " (), resulting in " kishe ", which in standard French spelling gives " quiche.

** Lorraine Franconian ( francique rhénan ) in the French region of Lorraine

* Favours ratifying the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, for the recognition of regional languages of France: Alsatian, Lorraine Franconian, French Flemish, Catalan, Corsican, Breton, Gallo, Basque, Langues d ' oïl, Franco-Provençal and Occitan.

Between the 5th and 8th century, Old Frankish, as spoken by the Salian Franks, evolved into Old Dutch ( Old Low Franconian ), a language that remained spoken in the area that was originally held by the Salian Franks of the 4th century ( i. e., what is now the southern Netherlands and northern Belgium ), while in Picardy and Île-de-France it was eclipsed by Old French as the dominant language.

The Franconian dialects spoken in French Lorraine are usually referred to as Lorraine Franconian.

Lorraine Franconian ( Lorraine Franconian: Plàtt, lottrìnger Plàtt ; ; ) is a designation, in practice ambiguous, for dialects of West Central German (), a group of High German dialects spoken in the Moselle département in the north-eastern French region of Lorraine.

Despite the French government's " single language " policy, local Franconian dialects still survive in the region's northern part.

They are known collectively as Plàtt in Franconian, Lorraine Franconian in English, and francique or platt ( lorrain ) in French ( not to be confused with lorrain, the Romance dialect from the same region ).

Like most of France's regional languages ( e. g. Breton, West Flemish, Catalan, Provençal and Alsatian ), Lorraine Franconian has been largely replaced by French in the 19th and 20th centuries as a direct result of public schooling in French only.

After them a Middle Franconian is defined but the Frankish identity as a social and political force had been submerged in French, Dutch and German.

The old Bishopric of Bamberg was composed of an unbroken territory extending from Schlüsselfeld in a northeasterly direction to the Franconian Forest, and possessed in addition estates in the Duchies of Carinthia and Salzburg, in the Nordgau ( the present Upper Palatinate ), in Thuringia, and on the Danube.

The present-day Upper, Lower, and Middle Franconian administrative districts ( in blue ), with adjacent East Franconian language areas in Thuringia ( red ) and Baden-Württemberg ( yellow )

The Western natural border of Franconia is formed by the Spessart and Rhön Mountains, separating it from the former Rhenish Franconian lands around Aschaffenburg ( officially part of Lower Franconia ), where Hessian dialects are spoken.

High German in this broader sense can be subdivided into Upper German ( Oberdeutsch, this includes the Austrian and Swiss German dialects ), Central German ( Mitteldeutsch, this includes Luxembourgish, which is now a standardized language ), and High Franconian which is a transitional dialect between the two.

In the 10th and 11th centuries, princes often acted merely to confirm hereditary succession in the Saxon ( Ottonian ) and Franconian ( Salian ) dynasties, whereas beginning from the actual forming of the prince-elector class, elections became less secure ( with the election of 1125 ), though the Staufen dynasty managed to get its sons formally elected in their fathers ' lifetimes almost as a formality.

Low Franconian, Low Frankish, or Istvaeonic, is a group of several West Germanic languages spoken in the Netherlands, northern Belgium ( Flanders ), in the northern department of France, in western Germany ( Lower Rhine ), as well as in Suriname, South Africa and Namibia that originally descended from Old Frankish.

Clementine zu Castell-Rüdenhausen ( b. 1912 ), a countess and member of the higher Franconian aristocracy, was appointed lead of Gau Unterfranken in 1933, at the age of 21, which also seems to have been the age when she joined the BDM, as no earlier date of membership nor any previous lower positions are recorded in her case.

The Franconian sausage is a relatively long ( 10 – 20 cm ), thick, coarse sausage, common to the whole Franconian region with slight variations.

Conrad I (; c. 890 – 23 December 918 ), called the Younger, was Duke of Franconia from 906 and King of Germany from 911 to 918, the only king of the Conradine ( or Franconian ) dynasty.

* Franconian ( stage ), a stage in North American stratigraphy

* Carl Gerster ( 1813 Miltenberg – 1891 Regensburg ), physician and founder of the Franconian Singing Association ( Fränkischer Sängerbund )

Kölsch is one of the variants of the Ripuarian dialects ( also known as the Rhinelandic or rheinisch dialects-as opposed to the regiolect ), which belong to the West Franconian family, itself a variant of West Middle German.

The result, generally called Leberkässemmel ( or Leberkäsweckla in the Franconian parts of Germany ), is a staple of Bavarian and Austrian fast food stalls, butcher shops and supermarkets.

High German subdivides into Upper German ( green ) and Central German ( blue ), and is distinguished from Low Franconian and Low German ( yellow ).

Nordwestblock ), the region they lived in had become Frankish by the 3rd century, associated with the Low Franconian Salians.

Neustadt an der Aisch ( officially: Neustadt a. d. Aisch ) is a small town in the northern part of Bavaria ( Germany ), within the Franconian administrative region Middle Franconia,

They essentially consider the names " Old Frankish " ( when used to refer to the language spoken by the Salian Franks ), " Old West Low Franconian " and " Old Dutch " to refer to the same language ( or set of dialects ).

** Johann Gottfried von Guttenberg ( 1645-1698 ), Franconian nobleman, Prince-Bishop of Würzburg 1684-1698