* 1758 – Seven Years ' War: Frederick II of Prussia defeats the Russian army at the Battle of Zorndorf.

In 1229, Prince Danylo of Halych expelled Andrew's youngest son from his principality, while Frederick II, Duke of Austria started to attack the western borders of the kingdom in 1230.

In the autumn of the year, he also met with Duke Frederick II of Austria and they agreed to stop the skirmishes on the border, but the Duke soon broke the agreement.

In the beginning of 1235, Andrew made a campaign against Austria and enforced Duke Frederick II to make a peace.

Without surviving male issue, Anton was succeeded as King by his nephew, Frederick Augustus II.

Albert was born in Grimma as the third and youngest son ( but fifth child in order of birth ) of Frederick II the Gentle, Elector of Saxony, and Margarete of Austria, sister of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor.

Ernest, Elector of Saxony ( 1464 – 1486 ), Frederick II, Elector of Saxony ( 1428 – 1464 ) and Albert III, Duke of Saxony ( 1486 – 1500 ); Fürstenzug, Dresden, Germany

His successor, Frederick II Irontooth, established Berlin as capital of the margraviate, and subsequent members of the Hohenzollern family ruled until 1918 in Berlin, first as electors of Brandenburg, then as kings of Prussia, and eventually as German emperors.

In 1448, citizens rebelled in the " Berlin Indignation " against the construction of a new royal palace by Frederick II Irontooth.

In 1740, Frederick II, known as Frederick the Great ( 1740 – 1786 ), came to power.

Under the rule of Frederick II Berlin became a center of the Enlightenment.

Bethlehem — along with Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Sidon — was briefly ceded to the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem by a treaty between Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and Ayyubid Sultan al-Kamil in 1229, in return for a ten-year truce between the Ayyubids and the Crusaders.

The defeat was so decisive that Otto was deposed and replaced by Frederick II Hohenstaufen, Ferrand and Renaud were captured and imprisoned and King John of England was forced to sign the Magna Carta by his discontented barons.

In the aftermath of the battle, Otto retreated to his castle of Harzburg and was soon overthrown as Holy Roman Emperor, and replaced by Frederick II.

The draining of the lake was revisited many times in history, including by Emperors Trajan and Hadrian, and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II in the Middle Ages.

He deposited them at the University of Leipzig, under the title of the Codex Friderico-Augustanus, a name given in honour of his patron, Frederick Augustus II of Saxony, king of Saxony.

He obtained a charter by Emperor Frederick II issued in the 1226 Golden Bull of Rimini, whereby Chełmno Land would be the unshared possession of the Teutonic Knights, which was confirmed by Duke Konrad of Masovia in the 1230 Treaty of Kruszwica.

He had designated his nephew, Frederick von Staufen duke of Swabia, also known as Frederick II, Duke of Swabia as his successor.

Emperor Frederick II regained the city and the church by treaty in the 13th century, while he himself was under a ban of excommunication, leading to the curious result of the holiest church in Christianity being laid under interdict.

* 1757 – Seven Years ' War: Battle of Leuthen – Frederick II of Prussia leads Prussian forces to a decisive victory over Austrian forces under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine.

* 1241 – Isabella of England, wife of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor ( b. 1214 )

* 1194 – Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor ( d. 1250 )

However, during the schism between Pope Alexander III and Antipope Victor IV, Absalon stayed loyal to Valdemar even as he joined the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barberossa in supporting Victor IV.

* 1250 – Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor ( b. 1194 )

First Council of Lyon ( 1245 ) deposed Emperor Frederick II and instituted a levy to support the Holy Land.

Meanwhile, a new threat arose from abroad: Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II, Frederick William II of Prussia, and the King's brother Charles-Philippe, comte d ' Artois, issued the Declaration of Pillnitz, which considered the cause of Louis XVI as their own, demanded his absolute liberty and implied an invasion of France on his behalf if the revolutionary authorities refused its conditions.

* 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy.

The Council confirmed the elevation of Frederick II as Holy Roman Emperor.

* Frederick V of Austria ( 1415 – 1493 ), or Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor

Frederick the Peaceful KG ( September 21, 1415 – August 19, 1493 ) was Duke of Austria as Frederick V from 1424, the successor of Albert II as German King as Frederick IV from 1440, and Holy Roman Emperor as Frederick III from 1452.

In 1440 he was elected German king as Frederick IV and in 1452 crowned Holy Roman Emperor as Frederick III by Pope Nicholas V. In 1452, at the age of 37, he married the 18-year-old Infanta Eleanor, daughter of King Edward of Portugal, whose dowry helped him to alleviate his debts and cement his power.

The term sacrum ( i. e., " holy " in the sense of " consecrated ") in connection with the medieval Roman Empire was used from 1157, under Frederick I Barbarossa (" Holy Empire "; the form " Holy Roman Empire " is attested from 1254 onward ).

In 1312, Henry was crowned as the first Holy Roman Emperor since Frederick II.

Duke Frederick II and Conrad, the two current male Staufer, by their mother Agnes were grandsons of late Emperor Henry IV and nephews of Henry V. Frederick attempted to succeed to the throne of the Holy Roman Emperor ( formally known as the King of the Romans ) through a customary election, but lost to the Saxon duke Lothair of Supplinburg.

But beginning, for all practical purposes, with Frederick Seebohm's English Village Community scholars have had to reckon with a theory involving institutional and agrarian continuity between Roman and Anglo-Saxon times which is completely at odds with the reigning concept of the Anglo-Saxon invasions.

In 1162 Albert accompanied Emperor Frederick Barbarossa to Italy, where he distinguished himself at the storming of Milan.

When Frederick IV of Habsburg sided with Antipope John XXIII at the Council of Constance, Emperor Sigismund placed him under the Imperial ban.

* Frederick I, Duke of Swabia ( Friedrich ) ( r. 1079-1105 )

* Frederick II, Duke of Swabia ( r. 1105-1147 )

* Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor ( Frederick III of Swabia )( r. 1147-1152 ) King in 1152 and Holy Roman Emperor in 1155

* Frederick IV, Duke of Swabia ( r. 1152-1167 )

* Frederick V, Duke of Swabia ( r. 1167-1170 )

* Frederick VI, Duke of Swabia ( r. 1170-1191 )

Frederick William ( r. 1640 – 1688 ), known as the Great Elector, used the uncertainties of the final stages of the Thirty Years ' War to consolidate his territories into the dominant kingdom in northern Germany, whilst increasing his power over his subjects.