Free and open source software libraries have been created to support such features in a portable way, and are most notably found in the repositories of the Common-Lisp. net and Common Lisp Open Code Collection projects.

" Stallman states that while the term " Free Software " can lead to two different interpretations, one of them is consistent with FSF definition of Free Software so there is at least some chance that it could be understood properly, unlike the term " Open Source ".

Some free software advocates use the term Free and Open Source Software ( FOSS ) as an inclusive compromise, drawing on both philosophies to bring both free software advocates and open source software advocates together to work on projects with more cohesion.

* Johan Soderberg, Hacking Capitalism: The Free and Open Source Software Movement, Routledge, 2007, ISBN 0-415-95543-2

Despite the fundamental philosophical differences between the free software movement and the open source movement, the official definitions of free software by the Free Software Foundation and of open source software by the Open Source Initiative basically refer to the same software licences, with a few minor exceptions.

* Why “ Open Source ” misses the point of Free Software, by Richard Stallman

According to Eric S. Raymond, the Open source and Free Software hacker subculture developed in the 1960s among ‘ academic hackers ’ working on early minicomputers in computer science environments in the United States.

People primarily known for their contributions to the consciousness of the programmer subculture of hackers include Richard Stallman, the founder of the free software movement and the GNU project, president of the Free Software Foundation and author of the famous Emacs text editor as well as the GNU Compiler Collection ( GCC ), and Eric S. Raymond, one of the founders of the Open Source Initiative and writer of the famous text The Cathedral and the Bazaar and many other essays, maintainer of the Jargon File ( which was previously maintained by Guy L. Steele, Jr .).

These groups include the ' Brethren ' ( often both ' Open ' and ' Exclusive '), the Churches of Christ, Mennonites, Primitive Baptists, and certain Reformed churches, although during the last century or so, several of these, such as the Free Church of Scotland have abandoned this stance.

He then moved to the Open Source Development Labs, which has since merged with the Free Standards Group to become the Linux Foundation, under whose auspices he continues to work.

When the term OpenContent was first used by Wiley, it described works licensed under the Open Content License ( a non-free share-alike license, see ' Free content ' below ) and perhaps other works licensed under similar terms.

The OpenContent website once defined OpenContent as ' freely available for modification, use and redistribution under a license similar to those used by the Open Source / Free Software community '.

For similar reasons, the Free Software Foundation describes the Open Content License as a non-free documentation license and the Copyfree Initiative has rejected it for certification as a copyfree license.

* Free Open access book: Paolo Valore ( ed ), Topics on General and Formal Ontology.

Open source criteria focuses on the availability of the source code and the ability to modify and share it, while Free software focus on the users freedom to use the program, to modify it, and to share it.

* Free / Open Source Software: Localization

Despite the fundamental philosophical differences between the free software movement and the open source movement, the official definitions of free software by the Free Software Foundation and of open source software by the Open Source Initiative basically refer to the same software licenses, with a few minor exceptions.

Although born from the same history of Unix, Internet free software, and the hacker culture as the free software movement launched by Richard Stallman and his Free Software Foundation, the Open Source Initiative was formed and chose the term open source, in Michael Tiemann's words, to " dump the moralizing and confrontational attitude that had been associated with ' free software ' in the past and sell the idea strictly on the same pragmatic, business-case grounds that had motivated Netscape.

The group adopted the Open Source Definition for open-source software, based on the Debian Free Software Guidelines.

* Open, Closed and Free Lists-from the ACE Project

* Red Hat contributions to Free and Open Source software

* Free engineering Statics courseware with about 300 interactive exercises with hints and feedback: Carnegie Mellon Open Learning Initiative

" While source code was available and modification permitted, the Squeak License contained an indemnity clause that prevented it from qualifying as true Free and Open Source Software.

First, in May, Apple used its own Apple Public Source License, which satisfies the Free Software Foundation's concept of a Free Software License and has attained official approval from the Open Source Initiative as an Open Source License.

* Christian Imhorst, Anarchy and Source Code-What does the Free Software Movement have to do with Anarchism ?, ( licence: GFDL ), 2005

The Apple Public Source License, as it turns out, fails to pass the third standard that Free and Open Source Software licenses are held to: the Debian Free Software Guidelines promulgated by the Debian project, an influential volunteer-run GNU / Linux distribution.

* Free Software Foundation

It was criticized by the Free Software Foundation

* Bidirectional Scripts in Desktop Software Working group for supporting BiDi in Free Software.

Non-profit software organizations include the Free Software Foundation, GNU Project and Mozilla Foundation.

* Portable. NET, part of the dotGNU project, is a Free Software implementation of ECMA-335 by Free Software Foundation.

The " very seductive " moral and ethical rhetoric of Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation fails, he said, " not because his principles are wrong, but because that kind of language ... simply does not persuade anybody ".

The Free Software Foundation advises people to " avoid using terms like ' give away ' or ' for free ,' because those terms imply that the issue is about price, not freedom.

Stallman founded the Free Software Foundation in 1985 to provide the organizational structure to advance his free software ideas.

Richard Stallman, the founder of the Free Software Movement

Software development for the GNU operating system began in January 1984, and the Free Software Foundation ( FSF ) was founded in October 1985.

The FSF recommends using the term " free software " rather than " open source software " because, as they state in a paper on Free Software philosophy, the latter term and the associated marketing campaign focuses on the technical issues of software development, avoiding the issue of user freedoms.

Stallman founded the Free Software Foundation in 1985 to support the movement.

Members of the free software movement believe that all users of software should have the freedoms listed in The Free Software Definition.

The Free Software Foundation also believes all software needs free documentation, in particular because conscientious programmers should be able to update manuals to reflect modification that they made to the software ), but deems the freedom to modify less important for other types of written works.

Congressmen Dr Edgar David Villanueva and Jacques Rodrich Ackerman have been instrumental in introducing in Republic of Peru bill 1609 on " Free Software in Public Administration ".

Dr Villanueva's response received worldwide attention and is still seen as a classical piece of argumentation favouring use of Free Software in Governments.